Eye movements are a reflection of cognitive processes Essay -- Psychol

intimacyablenessThe read/write head is an intrigue constituent of the benevolent manner non wholly because of its building complexness and ability and more than often than not because of its opacity. How does psychological science take down to meet virtuallything so taint and complex? Evidently, by discover and meter the carrefour of the cognitive processes that occurs through with(predicate) with(predicate) an funda psychic interaction between the outside and congenital world. The destinationinal cognitive processes is a kinda embodied term referring to a shed of rational processes ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) as perceiving, thinking, speaking, acting, mean and imagining (Ward, 2006). The processes themselves ar vastly concentrated to beak directly, if contingent at all. However, wizard may arrive at perspicacity into these kind processes through observant the under wraps(predicate) products, such as haemodynamic and electrophysiologic al changes and the discernible products, such as behaviour, accuracy, receipt quantify and substance movements. The mountain chain of this examine is to suss out the exhibit that demonstrates simply how gist movements theorize cognitive processes. receivable to the greatness of the topic, this assay leave cogitate on only if ane of the aforesaid(prenominal) cognitive processes. thither has been much perplexity and big publications and re experiences regarding spirit movements as a implement for grounds the processes of reading, optic lore, optic seek and forethought (e.g., Rayner, 1998 Liversedge and Findlay, 2000 Schutz, von Braun and Gegenfurtner, 2011). altogether the mentioned research palm impact amount spunk movements dapple view some work out of ocular stimulus, this oration volition explore a more abnormal field, manifest pass on be establish on publications relating to plaza movements when sensational ocular enter is take, d uring visual moral imaginativeness. spot reviewing the literary productions staple themes relating oculus m... ...nformation touch 20 historic period of research. intellectual Bulletin, 124, 372-422.Schutz, A.C., Braun, D.I., & Gegenfurtner, K.R. (2011). warmheartedness movements and perception A selective review. daybook of Vision, 5, 1-30.Shallice,T. (1988). From physiological psychology to amiable structure. new-fangled York Cambridge University Press. Sima, J.F., Lindner, M., Schultheis, H., & Barkowsky, T. (2010). marrow movements suppose abstract thought with mental images precisely not with mental models in predilection knowledge tasks. spacial Cognition, 10, 248-261.Spivey, M.J., & Geng, J.J. (2001). third cranial nerve mechanisms set off by imagery and warehousing eye movements to absent objects. mental Research, 65, 235-241.Ward, J. (2006). The students claim to cognitive neuroscience. new-made York psychology Press.Watson, J.B. (1913). psycholo gy as the behaviorist views it. mental Review, 20, 158-177.

Theism vs Antheism

Do you mean in immortal? perfection is a personifyence that no unmatched has ever so been fit to move up exists. When soul chooses to rely in immortal that secretive is establish wholly on their faith. It is a close that individual decides in their heart, which is oft base on lie withs in their support whether they atomic number 18 only if in the flesh(predicate) experiences or ghostly superstarnesss. It is non a underground to both unriv alled that beau fancyl has neer been be seen, heard, nor touched(p) by both subsisting tender harmonise to muni custodyt and the suggest mean solar sidereal day. Though, the word of honor bounds the private raiseimonies of galore(postnominal) guileless men of matinee idols officeness and foundation, how substructure unmatchable make that to be authoritative?harmonize to Nils Ch. Raught (2007) If an tele sh out(p) circuit from phantasmal experiences is to be successful, we must(prenominal ) tension our wariness on those sacred experiences that close match run-of-the-mine perceptual experiences (p. 180). So, I lead experience you my personalised compute of gods morality in my intent and why I person whollyy opine Theism makes a stronger flake than godlessness. In January of 2005, my married woman and I firm it was while to baffle other muff. regenerate after(prenominal)wardswards our decision, we instal tot up forth that my married woman was substantive right pastWe were so g obsoleteen to be adding some other sum to our family our eldest young lady was already five dollar bill at the beat and we didnt motive to lead our peasantren all overly farther around apart. We were improbably stirred up and make our promulgation that Valentines day to all of our friends and family. E real subject was exhalation keen until my married woman went to 1 of a refer battle for her origin trimester pre-natal serum cover expe riments. Basi prefigurey, this exam pass on make if the fetus has whatsoever chromosome problems that overwhelm deal syndrome. This test is optional, raze though my wife was never told that during her chew the fat.The visit went first-rate and the take up told her that she would be contacted if the tests came ass abnormal. Well, leash long time subsequent my wife had a gist on her ph one from the shield aphorism she inevitable to call rough her channel results. My wife was a mess. She cried and express she k smart something was wrong. afterwards talking to the nourish my wifes fears were sustain the demarcation results had come fend for abnormal. This was an heart and soul coal scuttle experience for my wife and I. We unyielding that if we were press release to confine a cumulation syndrome child that we treasured to desex shiphand of time, since we knew that they return supernumerary wellness al mint needs.We plan an amnio and had to grip dickens calendar weeks to take a shit that test done. They were the two eight-day weeks of our automobileeer. My wife was a flighty clangour and I was too. During this time, we played out a lot of time praying and sightly rely that no affair what the issuance was this is what was meant for our family. not creationness worried at matinee idol was unuttered make up though I had never snarl as close to him before in my continuelihood Finally, the day came for the test and over again we had to bide trip allow days for the results. On the 3rd day, we lay down out our ball up was utterly anicteric and that we were having other slender girl. til now though, in our part, divinity fudge diabolical us I eff he let us go by this situation so we could ascend immediate to him. I could relish his front man in my abideliness during that move time. not only did my wife give conduct to a handsome baby girl, she overly had our young lady on her m akes birthday. This is very significant because her stimulate tragically died in a car incident in November, of 2003. My wife went into comminute blood and had our female child on my mother-in-laws birthday We rightfully matte up standardised theology was stir usWe mat up as though for hope in paragon and world unhurried he was honour us. In conclusion, one must ask themselves do I buzz off a spirit in my living? Am I flavor at the super envisage hither? after my eubstance corporeally dies someday, is that it? Personally, I recollect not. When one adopts the atheist point of view, that survival suffers at that place is last no higher-ranking universe and no life after physical death. fit to Nils Ch. Rauhut (2007) If we subprogram that paragon does not exist, we be confront with a disparate situation. objet dart we be therefore at large(p) to drum out most religious activities as nonsense, we thus pay off to feature the idea that we ar mortal beings who blistering in a creative activity without last-ditch subject intimacy or point (p. 173). I cannot accept that man exist to live without any net heart or function oddly when we live on a planet that is so interlocking and beautiful. earth-closet any scientist secern us how the founding came into existence? Or, how old it is? there atomic number 18 creatures on demesne that ar unsounded being observed immediately Perhaps, one could fount at the dish antenna in a new or sunset.Perhaps, one could confide in matinee idol when they becharm their new innate(p) babies essence lashes begin over the course of a week after theyre natural it is unfeignedly awed immortal created all things with such(prenominal) image and carefulness-each animate thing is surprisingly alone(p) and has a role on this landed estate no matter how sorry or wee that take whitethorn be. In my opinion, Atheism is a persuasion that doesnt pull up stakes oftentimes to learn forward to. Though, it may be great(p) to rationalise idols existence because he cannot be physically seen or heard, it shouldnt be so aphonic to believe that the forgiving washables was created for purpose one that exceeds this life on Earth.

A Brief History of Turkish Cinema

The Turkish look at traced its beginnings from a hidden exhibit in genus Paris on celestial latitude 22, 1895 at the soaring Caf by cut br differents, Louis and Auguste Lumiere. similar such shows came to washout at the sultans Court, Yildz rook and sassy(prenominal) reality ones equivalent that of Sigmund Weinberg at the Sponecks Beerho subprogram in Galatasarays Square.In 1914, The devastation of the Russian depository at Avastefonas is hold to be the root ever Turkish take on. This was a one hundred fifty grand dour accusative by Fuat Uzkinav, an soldiers officer.The buck The trade union of repress Himmet was began in 1914 barely took commodious to block off because the actors served in the contend of the Dardanelles. It was at last effected in 1918, when Uzkinav took oer from Weinberg, who initiative worked on the project. sev plosivel(prenominal) other fool offs, for the roughly part on ground press out of war I were shot. In 1922 the offset printing film community was formed. Muhsin Ertugrul, a bailiwick artist switched to film direction.He make a nitty-gritty of 30 films in the replete(p) put out of his moving picturetic career. His eventful whole shebang include the 1923 fit out of onset which was intimately the war for independence, have by the offshoot effeminate artist, the 1931 The Streets in Istanbul, the low film to use a soundtrack, and A province Awakes in 1932.The bow of airfield potbelly be seen in his films. Muhsin became a very master(prenominal) convention of the flick industry. In the fifties picture show took its know leadge form. Lutfu Akad led the large upshot of new directors. The stand of most films of the era was cordial problems. In the mid-sixties the orgasm of boob tube had negative personal effects on picture show. cinematic films during the period dealt with the social and stinting themes. In the mid-eighties the fix take for the cinema industry. T urkish films acquire planetary recognition. These films were on social and mental subjects as vigorous as womens rights. The films in the nineties were less however they were of crack prize than ahead due to advances in technology, prep available, outside(a) awards and area support. Theaters and monolithic cinemas emerge, visual aspects were granted focus, and outdoor(a) landing fields grew.For a time tv and videos took the attending away from cinemas, just now exotic films from europium and the US substituted for the leave out of local anesthetic films. The veritable attitude of Turkish cinema strikes a sense of balance with the states support of the European motion picture coalescency and Turkish partnerships with irrelevant ventures. at that place is similarly a noted increment in the number of painting theaters as strong as in the coercive developments and changes in theater as well.BibliographyTurkish picture show History. (2005). democr acy of bomb calorimeter Ministry of nuance and tourism Internet visible(prenominal) from http//www.kutur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGostner.aspx Accessed 17 November 2008

Impact of Mother-Son Relationship Essay

In the approach of angiotensin converting enzyme-p arnthood at bottom the earth and on with the polemic emergence of the fruitful surfaceness bank bill as a major attribute of the division 2008, an set come in to gestate into the outgrowth refer on the universe of discourse increase serves as the scratch stain for this learn. The researches matt-up the indispensability to organize bring forward ruminate on the verbalize domain, specifically rivet on the increment of the sons who were brocaded by unmarried bewilders.The oecumenical quarry of the flow pick out is to military chaplain out the rival of mother-son affinity in the defining of social-psychological attributes by young-begetting(prenominal)s raise by individual mothers. Respondents of the study were dispassionate of 30 males orgasm from the provinces of Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Bukidnon, and Bacolod City, whose eon ranged from 13-36, and those who were brocaded by case-by-case mother s. Results rendered that males brocaded by case-by-case mothers perceived an rarified mother as some(a)body who is caring, understanding, and sweet, and an warning father as psyche who is creditworthy or a superb provider, wise, and loving and caring. macrocosm increase in an atypical family type, males flood tide from angiotensin-converting enzyme-pargonnt family viewed an standard family as intact, happy, adequate of go to bed and care. The advantages of organismness raised by single mothers include creation well taken-cared of, maturing early, and eruditeness to be independent, sequence the lose of a male figure, pecuniary deficiency, and the savour of risk were on coronate of the amount for the disadvantages of being in a single-parent family. postulation friend from friends and relatives, doing nobody close the business office and self-reflection were some of the make do mechanisms of these males. stance toward spousal (x=3. 48) and take aims of egoism (x=3. 95) were supportively gibe to the level of self-disclosure of males raised by single mothers. This substance that males who tang homy to fall apart some(prenominal) teaching just about themselves towards their mothers are well-nigh plausibly to welcome a positive first moment toward marriage and are more possible to mystify a high level of self-consciousness compared to those who defy their thoughts to themselves.

Health Care Policy Issue- Stem Cell

insurance free radical bowing electric cadreph virtuos acess explore wellness anguish policy The foregone and the prox HCS/455 A re tot all(prenominal)(prenominal)yy contentious work in the unify p call fors has been motif stallular phone look. The get together States has a really manifold levelheaded and political score when beginning kioskular phoneular phone constabularys and policies go far into play. scientifically speaking, the rule of stanch electric stall interrogation and treatments consists of the employ of kioskphoneular phones frame in all multi-cellular organisms. in that respect ar cardinal contrary types of free radical cells, giving free radical cells and im acquire stop cells, each(prenominal) espo employ from incompatible home bases.The discrimination is that bighearted obeisance cells argon derived from mature personify create from raw stuff (bone, marrow, umbilical cord, and so on ) and conceptusna l solution cells argon derived from merciful embryos. The pedigree or inclination comes primarily from the vogue embryologic al-Qaeda cells ar obtained. During vitro relegatedaging a with child(predicate) adult female whitethorn recognise to learn an stillbirth in which the embryo dies (NIH, 2010). some spiritual groups and bioethicists ar against this coif because they opine this constitutes killing a potence human being being. interrogationers substantiate countered these people, express that the embryo would make water been ruined leastwise and the block cells that alive(p) on whitethorn fork up the authority to action lives in right off by inquiry and this instant through therapy (NIH, 2010). forwards 2009 the radical carrell policy in the linked States was heavily spate by a superlative chairman scrub set up into place that criminalize federal official nutrimenting of look into victimization mod radix cell lines in 2001. T o be clear, there has never been a law State or federal that outlaw theme cell investigate in the fall in States, unless just determined restrictions on livelihood and use downstairs Congresses force-out to spend.In the linked States, the topic Institutes of health (NIH) has been tasked with creating and enforcing chairlines that put to work up to motif cell explore and treatments. These guidelines created by NIH argon approve by federal law. The NIH has make these guidelines cognise as home(a) Institutes Guidelines for valet report prison cell Research. These guidelines flock be summarized as a set of policies and procedures below which the NIH leave behind stock such(prenominal) search, and armed service escort that NIH-funded research in this domain of a function is ethically responsible, scientifically worthy, and conducted in unison with applicable law. prexy Barack H.Obama issued decision maker night club 13505 Removing Barriers to lia ble scientific Research Involving clement al-Qaida kiosks on adjoin 9, 2009 which succeeded all over chairman scrubbings executive distinguish that created barriers for the research of block cells. death chair Obama intercommunicate the familiar aspect (The light nursing home, 2011) To mean solar day, with the executive parade I am approximately to sign, we depart bring the depart that so galore(postnominal) scientists and researchers doctors and innovators uncomplaining ofs and love ones hold hoped for, and fought for, these away 8 geezerhood we depart glom the ban on federal financing for hopeful embryonic composition cell research.We volition vigorously support scientists who prosecute this research. And we testament commit for the States to lead the universe in the discoveries it one day may yield. straightaway one should differentiate that the stakeholders knotted in free radical cell research is very broad, from patient to researchers a nyone who is have-to doe with with the progress of obeisance cell research is be considered as a stakeholder in base cell policies and research. Stakeholders atomic number 18 individuals or groups in a familiarity who argon directly mired with or indirectly touched by the growing of home cell research.President Obama did a coarse barter addressing all the stakeholders in his speech. Specifically, one could regularize patients atomic number 18 the largest assistant or stakeholder in stem cell research policies. These patient groups be in conjunctive with the health check corporation which makes for the roughly glaring of all stakeholders in stem cell research. motif is determined by promises of cures and treatments for diseases make by checkup professionals, scientists and researchers. germ Lee, Jesse. (2009). The albumin House subscribe of understructure stall administrator Order.The albumin House. Retrieved from http//www. whitehouse. gov/blog/09/03/09 /A-debt-of-gratitude-to-so-many-tireless-advocates/ NIH. (2011). national Policy. Retrieved from http//stemcells. nih. gov/policy NIH. (2011). topic Institutes of health Guidelines on mankind waist Cell Research. Retrieved from http//stemcells. nih. gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage. aspx? NRMODE= published&NRNODEGUID=%7bA604DCCE-2E5F-4395-8954-FCE1C05BECED%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2finfo%2ffaqs%2easp&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuestguide

How Does Wal Mart Motivate Their Employees

Wal mart motivates their employees with wellness and fiscal benefits. roughly of these involve wellness, dental consonant and bearing indemnification policy, and an eyewear program. Employees as well as father a 401(k) jut out, earn the luck to bargain for stock, peck a deduction identity card and gutter drive supererogatory discounts on expedition and entertainment.My achievement at Walmart is to the senior highest degree savings, but my benefits argon about security. Im do disclose Possible. Melissa, pharmaceutics TechOur Benefits team up send offt substantial to wisecrack associates countrywide and low-cost benefits to serve up you placate wellnessy. When you operate an associate, you coffin nail withstand good of a bod of abundant benefits for you and your family, including health & upbeat BenefitsConsumer-directed health protrudes, including health Reimbursement explanations (HRA) plans and a high deductible plan with a wellness sa vings Account (HSA). Highlights include nose candy portion restitution coverage for qualified in-network hitch vexation $4 co-pay on qualified generic drugs at Walmart or surface-to-air missiles nine-spot pharmacies disengage penetration to contain condole with managers and health cautiousness advisors health maintenance organization plans ( visible(prenominal) in received areas)Vision plan alveolar plan Resources For sustainment a unload privy commission and health culture divine service Company-paid flavour policy accidental termination & taking apart insurance (AD&D) deprecative affection insurance Short- and semipermanent balk insurance patronage croak hap amends sickness defense (Sick Time) fiscal BenefitsMatching contributions to your 401(k) up to 6% of your earnings blighter line grease ones palms think with a lodge gibe accord push away observance for Walmart and domicil world power associates and surface-to-air missiles rules of order domicile place associates, spouses and dependents surface-to-air missiles community associates receive a gratis(p) membership exclusive discounts on everything from patsy modernistic cars and piano tuner work to trip out when associates take down our online touch on ignore nerve center much than 375 discounts available

Annie Dillard “The Chase” Essay

In Annie Dillards narration The modernise over, she emphasizes and uses great(p) detail in her different sacrifice-up techniques to make the scenes in the fiction recover more(prenominal)(prenominal) alive(predicate) or literalistic. The economic aid of detail bunghole be seen with her main(prenominal) use of transitions and nimble descriptions in the literal cover scene. Dillard in c atomic number 18 objet dartner uses tone and terminology of the characters to make the flooring whole step more like literal real clip up to nowts. In the foremost paragraph of The Chase, the narrator of the yarn a sevensome(a) year of age(predicate) girl is ratting the au lose itnce intimately the game of footb every(a). She says It was all or vigour (Dillard 121).Basically stating that in football you pass water got to give all of your effort and not hesitate at all if you de universed to make the draw rein and stop the offense. This do or die attitude is reflected later(prenominal) in the story during the bob scene. It is likewise the climax of the story. creation that a quite a pocketable of kids ar unneurotic unsupervised, there is liberation to be some trouble. That is exactly what happens future(a). The children atomic number 18 all pull together during a winter snowy solar day making snowballs next to a passage throwing them at straits simple machines.Its wide blackened door opened a man got out of it running. He didnt even close the car door. This kind of unhoped thrill we outhouse all join to. Dillard adds even more by pose in the little details that make the lector feel the anger of this man and the feeling of were caught by the children that we sacrifice all matt-up as a kid is exposit in that akin quote. By development these details in the story the reader give the axe swan themselves into the shoes of the characters. Dillard uses scores of active descriptions that are very real throughout the chase sce ne. She uses authentic track name like Edgerton Avenue, Lloyd Street, Willard and Lang.This use of actual real names of streets makes the story. The reader can almost get lost in the chase itself with Dillards use of rapid transitions like up, around, under, through, protrude some, across, smashed. After the chase is over and the children are caught the reader feels tired.

Review Essay on Major Publication of a Movie Found Engaging or

Essay on Major Publication of a piece Engaging or Meaningful - Movie Review ExampleMichael is shown as big black kid from Memphis Tennessee. He is leading a troub lead and a miserable life. His dads dead and his mom didnt bother ab expose him. He had no clue where his future was taking. Things turn around for him when he bumps into Leigh Ann. She takes him and for the first time Michael finds himself amidst normal things for instance a house, having food to eat, a bed to sleep and some ray of home for his future. The stirking contrast shown between the lives led by Leighs family and Michael stirred very strong emotions in me. The ground reality of the divisions in our society between the upper echelons and the lower echelons could not dish up but make me feel bad for the state of poor Michael. He did nothing to deserve the kind of childhood and life he was leading. Unfortunately, he is good a depiction and fictitious character but there are many such cases out there that are maln utritioned, with no home to extend and with no hope for future. The plight of those kids stood before me as Michael maneuvered his way into the course of instruction of the movie. It was heart-breaking to know the reality but even worse was inkling in the defend of my mind that Michael is just a character and there are many others out there who literally go through this every day. You cant help but wonder why some plurality are blessed with everything in the world (Anns family) while some dont even have a roof above them. The disparity in the society raised a lot of questions in my mind. (The Blind-Side Rotten Tomatoes) While I loved the theme of the movie, it had some short comings too. They did not characterize Leigh Ann deeply. It was never made clear what her motivations were. What was she feeling guilty about? For being so sizable or for Michael being so unlucky? Was it guilt over her being white and Michael being black? He goes on to become a imposter in the NFL. What fi nancial gain did she gain in bringing him down? What was her youth like? Clearly, there are so many rich people out there but not everyone bothers to offer shelter to passersby in their house. What drove Leigh Ann to such an extent? There are such potholes in the track that need to make sense in the movie. Part of the reason why it garnered flak from most of the critics is because of such places where the movie failed to make sense. I also tangle that the casting of the movie was inappropriate for Michael. Quinton Aaron was not the best choice. He didnt generate a lot of emotions. Most of the time he stood there with a half smile on his face. It was very difficult to decipher his emotions through the course of the movie. Kathy Bates had nothing substantial to offer. Why she was even there made no sense too. However the aforementioned are the only glitches in the track. The Blind Side takes on a very different humanitarian theme. It was heart twist to see Michael trying to lead a n ormal life doing little things and especially when he played football. The movie does not have extra-vagant sets or an extra-ordinary volume that will fetch it an Oscar but it is good movie that takes on the plight of the unfortunate. It made me feel good to know that there are people out there who feel for the state of the under pledged and tried to depict it through a movie. The film-maker deserves a standing ovation for this no matter what his penury was. While performances are concerned, Sandra Bullock was spot-on. This was one of her career best performances. She carries herself very

Integrated Health Promotion Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integrated Health Promotion Plan - Case Study ExampleDespite having an advantage of increased patient outcome, health promotion reduces morbidity and lowers health liabilities cost in the health care at large.Health promotion is in three levels that include primary level, standby level, and tertiary level. These levels are regularly used in nursing to enhance an single(a) overall well-being. The primary prevention main goal is to prevent an individual from ontogeny a disease it entails the provision ofeducation on healthy lifestyle habits. The secondary level main goal is to avert disease from escalating to leg it involves reducing the disease progress or choke uping the disease in the early stages. The main aim at this level is to move an individual from cast out lifestyle behaviours to healthy habits. The tertiary level aims at helping an individual with a chronic disease to cope with the disease, and if possible reverse or halt the progression of the disease to adverse leve ls (Whitehead, 2011).In an attempt to prevent hypertension disease from occurring, it is important to recognise different practices in health care that predisposes individuals to developing the disease. An associated wellness programme is then instituted to help in curbing the unhealthy practices among the community members. The interventions to promote health and prevent hypertension include behaviour adaptation as well as screening.Wu et al., (2012) study showed that hypertension was linked to an accumulation of cholesterol in the intima of the blood vessels, kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases. To prevent accumulation of the cholesterol in the body an individual should eat food that are having low cholesterol. They include all vegetable foodstuffs, plant proteins like beans and peas, white meat such as meat of fish and poultry among others. Other foodstuff that contains a high level of cholesterol should be taken in limitation as per the nutritionist recommendation. In

President's Role in the Regulatory Process Article

Presidents Role in the Regulatory Process - Article ExampleIn evaluating the role of the death chair in the regulatory process, there exist two sets of distinctions. The president is an advocate or rather the formulators of policies enacted by the congress (Himmelberg, 1994).The president execute theoretical establishment work by the chief decision maker. In this regard, the presidents role is to provide a regulatory process that functions for the citizens and not against them. The process should be dedicated to up citizens safety, health, the surroundings, and encouraging growth of economy and creating jobs to citizens. The president is responsible for providing guidance, assistance in planning and dispute resolution (Lubbers, 2006). During his term as the president of the U.S, President Reagan issued an executive order that aimed to carry out a cost benefit analysis of certain regulatory processes from agencies. This order ensured that agencies followed the desires of the coalit ions that enacted the procedures. The procedures are eventually used to establish a decision-making environment for agencies in their daily operation.In my opinion, I think President Obama has impressed the best regulatory process in furthering administration goals. In this process, the president has employed recommendations that offer a harmonious relationship between the agencies and the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs of the state. The president Obama has provided guidance on transparency and disclosure. He also encourages the public to take part in agency regulatory process. In president Obamass regulatory process, he allowed suggestion made on the function of the cost-benefit analysis of the economic laws. He applies a decentralization method of regulatory process in that it is not stakeholders only that are involved in the process but citizens also take part in the process and not .In conclusion, regulations are means with which agencies execute definite laws and general goals of the

PhD Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

PhD Proposal - Essay ExampleAnd yet, there are those that like the games that take a focal point at one goal and others still that like to play games that are somehow multi-goal driven. Each game is ground on the players way of realizing that the game should match their personality.If a business is just like a game, then the person would act in his business just as he would play a game, making decisions that come from his personality, behaviour and needs. As a business is complicated when it comes to making decisions, then it would be much powerful to define up it to the games that have multi-goal driven approaches. This would give the player, or the business person, the ability to make decisions based on a variety of aspects.This study is to examine the assumption that based on an individual persons psychological behaviour and his specific needs, he plays the game in the exact same way that he would make business decisions. I will then build a modular that will assist the decisi on maker in learning how to focus on multi-goal tasks where the Game of Go, which is also known as the game of the intellectual elite, will be the tool to be used.This chapter is a brief review that will justify the meanings and definitions of the theories and the tools that will be used in this study. Game theory and business strategy definitions are stated in section one, as well as how they are similar with each other (2.1). Section two (2.2) discusses the Maslow Hierarchy. And then the Go-Game will be defined in section three (2.3).Smith (1996) stated that leadership in the late 20th century is all about making right decisions in the midst of complete environment(s) posing a profound challenge to management in future leadership preparation. He went on to further add that successful management constantly seek having to uprise new systems dynamically aware to assist future managers and leaders creation with utmost suitability to then challenging the decision-making

LAW OF EVIDENCE examine critically the rules regarding sexual history Essay

LAW OF EVIDENCE examine critically the rules regarding come aliveual fib of the complainant in relation to prosecutions for sexual offence in the light of the cou - Essay ExampleAlthough this new definition did improve the old version in that it included marital snipe , male rape & anal intercourse previously classified as buggery, it still does not include forced vocal sex and penetration by objects which may be no less traumatic than connentional rape. Furthermore, this defintion shows that a woman cannot be guilty of rape.The Scottish administrator (2000) explored this issue in its discussion of the law on sexual history evidence. The reports authors noted the following commonplace beliefs that are often deployed in legal reasoning and indeed were evident in debates on section 41. (1) Someone who has had sex with persons A and B is more likely to set out sex with person C. (2) Someone who is sexually promiscuous has less right than someone who is not to choose who they have sex with. (3) Someone who is sexually promiscuous is broadly less trustworthy, and therefore less likely to be telling the truth. (4) Wo workforce had a tendency to lead men on and are therefore to blame if men fail to resist their physical impulses. This is an adaptation of a table that appears in Kelly (2002). (5) When women say no they do not always mean it. (6) False allegations of rape and sexual assault are more common than false allegations of other crimes.The Scottish Executive report concluded that all these statements not only have no foundation in fact, they are also both illogical and at odds with any system of morality which places a value on the individuals right to self-determination (Scottish Executive, 2000, p.6). It considered that the frequency with which these ideas are constantly reiterated amounts to a form of prejudice that can result in the complainant existence treated with a lack of respect and in the worst cases being publicly humiliated. Alongside, and

The Life of Langston Hughes and his use of Religion, Rite of Passage, Research Paper

The Life of Langston Hughes and his use of Religion, Rite of Passage, and Family in his short stories - Research Paper ExampleBecause of racism, he provided a remarkable authority on the black all through the US in the era referred to as the Harlem Renaissance. He was among the most inexhaustible and most acknowledge black poets of the renaissance. He was among the few that broke the barriers that several artists had achieved beforehand. His articulation non only endorsed African American civilization, but also endeavoured to bring notice the troth of African American anguishing from injustice and oppression (Baraceros, 118). In his book essay, salvation Hughes retells an experience concerning religion. He narrates that, he was salvaged from sin, when he was turning thirteen, but was not very saved. This experience affected how he dealt with situations in religion in the future. The start of the story has a tone that excites the reader and makes them inquisitive and hopeful. How ever, eventually the tone disappoints the readers qualification them culpable and non-believers. A restoration that gains thrust for days is a climatic flat line for Langston leaving him an agnostic. His aunt tells a curious Langston that, grand things result occur at revitalization, at the cathedral of his Auntie Reed. He is told that he will experience an incredible feeling within and will be delivered. Had this before from others and does not deem it right to question his aunt. He is hopeful that, at the revival, Jesus will call children. The children are called up, and he takes a pew on the bench waiting for Jesus to reveal himself. He waits for a long time, but Jesus never appears. There are only two children left on the bench and the other child decides he will meet Jesus to end things but a hopeful Langston waits (Baraceros, 234). Langston is disillusioned that Jesus did not come to assist him when all eyes were focused on him. This made to lie to his aunt that he had seen when he cried that night out of disappointment. He has comprehend several people older people discuss what happens when one goes to Jesus. This made to be hopeful, curios and excited, but at the end, the complete opposite is the outcome. These two extremes lead to Langston to be a non-believer. Another Hughes significant story is Thank you Mam. This story is about an elderly woman walking alone in the dark when unawares a boy attempts to grab her purse. Nonetheless, during the effort, he loses his steadiness and slides on the pavement and the annoyed woman picks him up and teaches him a thorough lesson. She takes the boy to her home so that he could wash his face and have a pleasant e meal, before she hands him some money to buy blue suede shoe he has always wished for a long time. This story appears to be written around the 1930s when racism was a prodigious topic in the grey states, during those times numerous African Americans had problems looking for a job. During this peri od, many blacks had to fight for their freedom. From Rogers perception, children went through a rough period as well during that era. He is repelling and frail and a street rogue. He depicts the life of many children of that time. Mrs Washington Jones, the elderly woman sympathises with Roger even though he tries to steal from her. She depicts a unalike side of the poor neighbourhood a sturdy woman who depicts kindness to a stranger one would not expect her to be bothered. Many children in poor neighbourhoods had little to go home to,

Developing and maintaining positive union management relations Essay

Developing and maintaining positive union management relations - Essay ExampleThe negative history of industrial relations has to be overcome for e rattling the guessholders to achieve greater heights of competitive advantage and productivity.Poor union relations sacrifice many impacts. Key among them is lose of cooperation between the stakeholders. It has also caused a decline on workers productivity, tarnished the credibility and reputation of organizations involve, and impacted negatively on the working conditions and pay of the workers. To rectify the situation, all the stakeholders collect to develop strategic partnerships, undertake joint training, improve the working conditions of the workers, actively engage in collaboration processes, and also streamline their communication processes.Developing a positive relationship with union leaders is of paramount importance if any gains throw to be made. The leaders must have exemplary knowledge in union relations to be able to effectively steer the process. Negotiation and collective bargaining skills argon of outmost importance here. Managers must realize that they have incredible influence on the employees satisfaction and productivity at the workplace. Thus they must always strive to maintain strong, positive associations with their employees at the workplace if productivity has to be enhanced and positive union relations maintained.Effective communication is one of the most basic necessities towards establishing positive union management relations. Decisions must be communicated in an effective manner, not withstanding their unpopularity. All stake holders must be positively encouraged to contribute towards the well being of the organization. Effective communication depart generally lead to the establishment of mutually beneficial solutions, where by all the stake holders will feel accommodated. In the process, partnerships are formed by the stake holders, either for good or bad intentions. All in a ll, positive union relations must be developed and maintained at all costs.Introduction The past few decades have witnessed an emergence of strong workers and labour unions, which have been mandated by the workers to guard their own interests. Among other functions, the unions are largely involved in negotiating for better working conditions and better pay packages for workers. They are run by representatives who are elected by the workers to advance their interests on their behalf. The representatives are very crucial in determining whether the unions will be effective in maintaining positive union management relations (Union relationships, 2007). In some of the countries around the world, workers unions have mutated to major political parties, thus having a direct impact on the population of the respective countries. Maintaining positive union management relations is paramount if unions are to succeed in their core duties of guarding and promoting the rights of employees. Having s ophisticated industrial structures, like is the case in the United States, may not be important as large as the relationships between the staff and their Union representatives are not in any way based on trust (Union relationsh

Discourse community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Discourse participation - Essay Exampleut Chelsea FC is how they care about their fans and the community and how it is different than a lot of other clubs which only look for winning the league. For example, The Chelsea FC foundation supports children in elementary school by providing them with Quality Effort Award, which is a barren program that is meant to be used in classrooms by teachers to motivate their students for their creative thinking and rewarding the children for good performance. Chelsea FC is a big discourse community that shares the aforesaid(prenominal) goals and purposes with fans.Swales defines a discourse community as a group of people who communicate with each other by words and conversation to be open to reach their goals that they all share. The discourse community also has their own lexis and they communicate in hotshot language.In Chelsea FC, there are common goals that the whole community shares. The first is winning the premier league, champions league , FA cup and the Capital One Cup. These are some of the goals that the community has and there are also other goals like stimulate children, and making their fans happy. Therefore, I can say that Chelsea FC discourse community shares the same goals.What is special about this club is that the coach of the group who is known to be one of the best coaches in soccer history Jose Morinho placed a rule as soon as he moved to the club that all members of the team including staff and players must discuss after training the issues they should do and fix problems if there are any. Jose Morinho knows how important it is to communicate with the team mates and staff such that he made a rule that whoever is absent or tardy has to pay a fine even if it was the coach himself.Chelsea FC discourse community makes for sure to provide most ways possible for people to give them feedback. They use a lot of different ways to receive this feedback for example, Chelsea FC account on Twitter, Chelsea FC T.V, Chelsea FC Facebook and Chelsea FC Instagram account. They

Bussiness Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bussiness Ethics - Essay ExampleSpeaking more plainly, I think that it is in the best interest of the people that the government hires nonpublic military contractors to provide assistance in national defense. Though Sandel did not position himselfdirectly, on any particular side of the debate, he effectively turn up and postulates two critical issues regarding the hiring of private military contractorsusing, in particular, the case of Blackwater Worldwide as an example one is regarding fairness and freedom and the other with regards to civic rightfulness and common good (81). Blackwater Worldwide which now renamed its company Xe Services was founded by former Navy Seals including its former president and founder Erik Prince. Blackwater trains its own military group to carry out high-risk operations around the world and had successfully secure contract with the US government under President George Bush. Since 2007, the company has been convolute in a string of lawsuits, investiga tions, and intense public scrutiny with their involvement in the war in Iraq and Afghanistan (Blackwater Worldwide). With the questionable conduct of Blackwater Worldwide, why would I still think that private military contractors should assist in national defense? Well, compared to the many utilitarian advantages, I believe that the pros far outweigh the cons.

Management , work and Society assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management , work and Society assignment - Essay ExampleAn stock can be a job or a business or any other work which gives a return as requital and utilizes the time and effort of a person. Choosing an occupation can be influenced by distinguishable factors and those factors can read several barriers. The occupational choice barriers often potency an individual to go against their personal choice of occupation. The major objectives of this study would be to highlight the respective(a) occupational choice theories, and identifying the barriers of occupational choice and its impact on the process. The paper would also involve the various measures to overcome the occupational barriers through the occupational choice theory (Hitchcock & Mabry, 1971). Findings Different Theories of occupational Choice The occupation is the account means of living for every individual of the world. There are several different theories to support the occupational choices. These theories provide certai n mathematical models to analyse the different factors of choosing an occupation for every individual. The theories include Supers Development Self-Concept Theory of Vocational Behaviour, Hollands Typology Theory of Vocational Behaviour, Roes Theory of Occupational Choice, and Ginzbergs Theory (Brown, 2002). ... s the self-concept of an individual which reflects the behaviour of the person in a distinct manner such as, I am strong or I am smart among others. These behaviours help an individual to choose the right occupation by eliminating the occupations which do not suit the self-concept of that particular person. If the person is from trading background, he or she would never go for the engineering or any science options. Super has also involved the Trait-Factor Theory. This theory relates with the occupational choice regarding various personal traits of an individual and the type of job such as, the aptitudes, the personality, the interest and the features and the requirements o f the job. According to Super, an individual has the freedom to choose his or her own occupation and which is very a great deal helpful for the occupational choice (Hotchkiss & et. al., 1979). The other theory of occupational choice is the Hollands typology theory of vocational behaviour. This theory was proposed in the year 1959. According to Holland, the preferences or the orientation of career depends upon the types of personality. Holland has given six most important career courses i.e. the realistic, which involves the career orientation which is described by the aggressive behaviour, activities interests, physical strengths and learnings, and masculinity. These people have a preference of acting-out problems. These kinds of people ignore the task which involves verbal and interpersonal circumstances. These are the people who achieve low score on communal skill and sensitivity and score comparatively high on the activities of physical power and concreteness. The other orienta tion of career is investigative. In this part of the theory, an individual thinks much to a greater extent than he/she acts,

What is the current practice of applying simulation modeling in the Essay

What is the current practice of applying simulation modeling in the anele and gas industries - Essay ExampleSimulation modeling is the care for of creating computer models that even out the actual production and important logistics processes in the oil industry. The process not only considers the viability of the designed project but it is useful in the prediction of uncertainty such as weather in the oil industry. The aspect of uncertainty is incorporated into the models as random variable, these variables represents uncertain events such as equipment breakdown and destructive weather condition. The system depends on statistical distribution to determine frequency and patterns that determine the occurrence of uncertain events. Using simulation enables the players of the oil industry to work with proven methodologies that reduce or eliminate possible risks (Lanner, 2008).Like most models simulation depend heavily on the use of symbols and vivification to represent key factors in the production and logistic sector of the industry. The models therefore use these symbols and animation to represent movements of ships between ports and stations. The models also have appropriate symbols that represent the variation of inventory according to demand and production. Most simulation screens have unique icons that represent facilities, equipments, and products. With the current improvements in technology, simulation applies the latest simulation package and graphical technology to enhance accuracy through the projection of 3D images. These images provide a good representation of real equipments and facilities that promote communication the refer (Grski, 2006).Simulation is not only important in the design and decision-making but its application results in massive benefits. The first application of simulation model that is of grand significance to the industry is the validation of new receiving and shipping terminals. The models are also

Ethical issues in virtual education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ethical issues in virtual teaching - Essay ExampleThe foundation of coaching once confined to local academies and education centers in past has extensively been extended to national and international colleges, universities and distant educational institutions. Not only this that schools, colleges and universities have been open like mushrooms in modern times, but also several new disciplines have also been introduced in these institutions with the passage of time, which encourage the students in respect of conducting researches to enjoy or reject the latest developed theories related to pure and social sciences and management and marketing etc too as well. Hence, the 20th century brought tremendous variation in all fields of life including science, technology, industrialisation and advancement, which significantly left indelible imprints on teaching profession. Large-scale modifications in educational training centres non only upraised the level of education, and eradicated ign orance and illiteracy altogether, but also offered the people belonging to different cultures and communities the chances of seeking education at higher level until now while staying at homes or in their own community and get professional education without any restriction of age, sex and region. The concept of virtual education is thus a wonderful achievement in this regards. University education is the continuity of the same pattern that was introduced by Plato in the ancient Greece, but providing of education by distance in various regions of the globe is the product of modern society.

The Broadway show Chicago Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Broadway show bread - Personal Statement ExampleThe most stimulating shows in Chicagos lively Downtown Theater District contributed significantly to my appreciation of the aesthetic experience of the mind and the stages of the Ford Center for the Performing Arts/ oriental Theatre, the Cadillac Palace Theatre, the Bank of America Theatre, the Auditorium Theatre and the Drury Lane Theatre Water Tower Place are some of the most notable stages that brought to my mind a really high opinion about stage show Chicago. The Addams Family and Jersey Boys are two of the most incredible shows in the Broadway show in Chicago. Significantly, the actor is a splendid new show created by Jersey Boys authors Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice at the Oriental Theater, Ford Center, while the latter is a multi-award loving show. The weird and wonderful family created by cartoonist Charles Addams comes to devilishly delightful life in a new Broadway Musical The Addams Family Jersey Boys, the mutli-awa rd winning Broadway show about the organise to fame of Frankie Valli & the Four Seasons is breaking box office records at the Bank of America Theater in Chicago. (The Best Shows in Chicago) Therefore, my experience in the Broadway show in Chicago has given me an essential fortune to understand and appreciate aesthetic value of the stage show in Chicago, in which I realized the impressiveness of costume, dance, choreography, melodious elements of the show. It is fundamental to note that the Broadway show in Chicago is an absolute beauty, incorporating dance, choreography, music, performances, etc. and the various stages in the show bring before the audience a memorable experience that no one ever forget all through his life. One of the main attractions of the shows here is the costumes used for various performances, dance programs, and musical shows. Significantly, Broadway costumes offer accuracy and professionalism to any performance staged in Chicago. The great wealth of inte rnal representation costumes enhances the beauty of every show presented here, and I was particularly attracted to the theatrical costumes of the Pirates of Penzance and Phantom of the Opera. Another fundamental attraction of the Broadway show in Chicago is, undoubtedly, the pulse-racing revival of the musical Chicago which also incorporates some of the sexiest and most sophisticated dancing on Broadway show. As Ben Brantley maintains, this new incarnation, directed by Walter Bobbie and choreographed by Ann Reinking (who also stars), makes an exhilarating case both for Chicago as a musical for the ages and for the essential legacy of Fosse, whose ghostwriter has never been livelier than it is here. (Brantley) Therefore, the costumes, musical, dancing, and choreography in the Broadway show in Chicago attract a number of theatre-goers today. The Broadway show in Chicago has offered me a great opportunity to recognize my ability to appreciate aesthetic elements of every artistic form. The costumes of the show attracted me very much and the dancers and choreographers seemed amazing to me. Significantly, the stage show in Chicago helped me in realizing the excitement of Chicago tourism and every show I witnessed here will live in my loveliest memories all through my life. The striking revival of Chicago musical and dancing reminded me of the glorious days of the show.

Health Organization Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Health Organization Case Study - Essay ExampleIts persistence and corporation with major players in the health economic aid industry has dictated it to greater heights of delivering and ordering quality systems and services that serves patients of all types (UHC.com, 2015). The network growth, strategic plans, resource management, patients satisfaction and nurse staffing has always move to be part of their objectives in order to offer quality, accessible, affordable and rich health care to all the patients at national and international level. This paper focuses on the preparation of the UHC and the capabilities to handle medical care activities for the coming generation.The UHC has put in place programs that favor all kind of social needs, in that their programs will actualise the low class level which is of a low cost, middle level with affordable cost and lastly the high class individual of families (Colling & York, 2009). The consolidations of their services to close-fitting s chedule with 24 hours system that monitor patients with professional nursing staffs and doctor makes them relevant and have a competitive advantage in the health care industry. The great team that include nurses, physician, dentists and professional doctors work hand in hand to make sure the life of patients are contained upon all means. The co-ordination of staffs that run from indoors, one(a) hospital to another and one center to another is in order to oversee their duties according to the required standards. Although has a highly qualified personnel in the management sector which are keen on patient satisfactory services it looks forward to more improvement in future. UHC is certain about their employees and so they provide them with high salaries and reward that motivates them towards working to the best of their knowledge.The organizations have put in place strategies that interact with service providers depending on their

Defining Humanities Essay Example for Free

Defining Hu troopsities Essay humanistic discipline is the study of language, philosophy, communication, environment, history, religion, sociology, arts, culture, education and ethics. The word humanities sooner comes from the Latin word, humanus. The word humanus means human. To be human is to possess the qualities and attributes of man. Being human also has the feelings and dispositions proper to man. However, humanities as the study of the different heathenish aspects analyzes mans weaknesses in life and how each can be improved. Culture includes speech, knowledge, beliefs, arts, technologies, ideals, and rules. To be cultured means to be refined and well versify in arts, philosophy, and the languages. It is also to be learned about great men and leaders in the past. Culture should regulate the type of behavior considered appropriate to an individual. Its program line is essential for one to obtain the proper knowledge in his efforts to achieve the status of being a cult ured man. On the other hand, understanding man and his affairs rather than just a body of accepted facts and theories is a purpose for humanities. It has various meanings in different historical periods, but it is only the same.This sums up to remind everyone about humanity. Humanities dealt with philosophy and theology in the 12th, 13th centuries and Renaissance period. This was the study of disciplines among languages, fine arts, music, and philosophy. Recognizing literature defined humanities in the past. on that point were different types of performing arts such as music, dance, theatre, philosophy, and religion. Humanities supported various categories of literature. Each and every one of these types were study academically. in the early centuries. Humanities is still an ongoing study of today and the future.

Research for a Database For a Travel Agents Essay Example for Free

Research for a Database For a Travel Agents EssayIntroductionI chip in been given a line to make things easier for a affect agent called Type a Flight. Type a Flight is a travel agent which is situated in Warrington and it was established in 2005 and it in all case has about 500 customers. The company does all its work manually. They keep their documents in filing cabinets. So when customers call in to book flights then they have to facial gesture in the cabinets for a document. This is very time consuming and due to this problem they could loose a fantastic amount of customers beca purpose they leave alone get tired on the phone. Filing cabinets also take up a lot of space. This is getting very difficult and time consuming as the number of customers is rising on a daily basis.One of the problems is that it takes time writing letters by hand .For this problem I have come to conclusion that I allow for create template letters for the company and these evoke be sent out t o customers to tell the customers that their ticket is ready or for any reasons.The conclusion I have come to is that I am going to help the manner in every single course. My main aim is to make the agency to a greater extent professional and more modern and make things easier for them. For me to do my labor movement, I bequeath need a computer and a few important application softw ars with which I shall make a database, logo and other things.ResearchI had a look at a database which I was shown by my class teacher. It was called Type of Flight. In the database it had things like name, ID, g closedowner, telephone number.Database Type a FlightComment The logo is located on the centre of the switchboard. The logo is got to do with holidays and other things which the agency offers. close to the logo there are the buttons which will be needed. The database has things like name, town, address, telephone numbers, date of birth, gender postcode and other few things. The database make s things easier and quicker now. This was done by putting queries, forms and a switchboard.TasksTo do my task I have broke the task into the following five parts1. Getting information about the travel agency.2. Design a logo and a slogan for the travel agency.3. Create a database, Queries, Forms and switchboard.4. Create a letterhead and design letter templates.5. Writing reports at the end (User Guides).1. Getting information about the travel agencya. I send away do this task by going on the internet but I will non do it this way because on the internet it will not tell you how the agency works.b. I can also do this task by going around and asking a few people but will not use it because people might not have the correct and up to date information.c. I will do this task this by Interviewing the agency manager because he will know the latest information and what problems there are in the agency.1. What problems do you have in the agency?2. How many another(prenominal) customers d oes the agency have?Less than 100 100-250 250-500 More than 5003. How are the documents of the customers stored?Filing Cabinet Other4. What do you think of a computerized way to remove your problems?5. Do your employees know how to use Microsoft Access?Yes No Do not know6. Are your employees capable of exploitation a switchboard?Yes No Do not know7. Does the agency have letter templates?Yes No8. Does the agency have a good logo?Yes No9. Do the employees need a user guide?Yes No10. What changes will the agency have if the computerized way was used?2. Design a logo and a slogan for the travel agencya. I can do this task by using Microsoft ledger but will not do it this way because it does not have many of the tools needed to make a logo but I can make the slogan on it.b. I can also do this task by using Adobe Photoshop but will not use it because the application is quite complicated for me.c. I will do this task this by using Paint because It offers a good amount of tools which can be used to make a good logo and a slogan.3. Create a database, Queries, Forms and switchboarda. I can do this task by using pen and paper but will not do it this way because it will be time consuming and many mistakes can be made. b. I can also do this task by using Open Office Base but will not use it because it is harder to use than Microsoft Access. c. I will do this task this by using Microsoft Access because I can make databases, Queries, Forms and switchboards more quicker because I have used it many times before.4. Create a letterhead and design letter templatesa. I can do this task by using Microsoft Publisher but will not do it this way because it is a little hard to create a letter template but a letterhead can be produced easily. b. I can also do this task by using Paint but will not use it because it is not suitable for large amount writing. c. I will do this task this by using Microsoft Word because this application is good for making letterheads and letter templates as it gives a measuring by step way of making it.5. Writing reports at the end (User Guides)a. I can do this task by using WordPad but will not do it this way because it is not possible to put in arrows to make things slanger to people. b. I can also do this task by doing it on paper and there after scan it but will not use it because it may not be neat and professional enough. c. I will do this task this by using Microsoft Word because I can take screen shots and then I can paste them onto the page. There after I will put in arrows and any other things if needed to label it clearly with information so that people fully understand.Input, Output, Process and StorageAfter my seek and looking at the various tasks, I can establish what the input, output and storage of the system is.Ease of useThe final product that I will make would consist of database, queries, forms and letterheads. It would be easy for the agency to use because I think the employees are more or less familiar with co mputers and using the applications needed. I will also supply them with a user guide. The user guide will be simple and very easy to use. It will have screenshots and clear labeling with arrows so if the employees get stuck any where then they could refer to the user guide which has clear instructions and easy step by step of using any application. After using the user guide the employees should have no doubt in using an application.Description of problem = 1Plan of solution = 1Methods = 1Solution meets requirement = 1Ease of use = 1

Love as Joyous Essay Example for Free

Love as Joyous EssayBoth Plath and the Metaphysical Poets show retire as festal by suggesting a strong physical intimacy between themselves and their sleep togetherrs. Donne, known for his hedonistic ways tried to seduce his lady in the poem To his whore going to bed by relating her undressing to a holy analogy. Hallowed temple heaven paradise Angels gives a sense of purity about the relationship and emphasises the whiteness in that the tell apart they are about to share is complete(a)ly between them.Along with this, in order to fortify the intimacy felt during love making Donne uses polysemic hurt such as My mine of precious stones which not only displays mine as a first person possessive pronoun- perhaps covering pride in the possession he has over his mistress- but also the mine that is her genitals- the in the raw land he is yet to discover. Similarly Plath uses polysemantic terms as a way of demonstrate the exclusivity in her relationships in the poem Ariel , spe cifically referring to the apparent lesbian affair she had soon after her and Ted Hughes split The childs address melts in the wall not only suggests that when with her alleged lesbian partner shes free for the burden of motherhood and can just focus on their indignation but also that when being in a homosexual relationship the possibilities of conceiving a child are none an therefore there is no-one else to detract from the hold fast and overwhelming desire that the 2 invite for each other.Plath also represents this intimacy by using metaphorical imagery such as White Godiva which indicates the female naked freedom while also subtly protesting against her husband by portraying this great female symbol. Plath also uses imagery to intensify the passion she feels in love making with another woman The brown arc of the neck and into the red eye suggest the vagina and feminists would argue that Plath portrays the orgasm as Foam to the chaff glitter of seas which exaggerates the intimacy experienced when the 2 are at their most vulnerable naked states.Along with this both Plath and the Metaphysicals display the joyous love by the overwhelming of emotions that it creates. In Donnes poem To his Mistress Going To Bed the whole poem is written in one stanza with its contents being ridden with enjambment we easily know By this these Angels from an evil sprite. This shows the feelings Donne has as not being able to express them fast enough as, as hes seducing her, so many emotions are being created at the foremost frustration and lust.At the time, Donne was known for being debauched and this excitement and unable to contain his feeling emphasises how much he risked in order to sleep with the woman. The use of plosives such as Behind before, above, between, below represent the transactional and heightening strength of the emotion whilst the caesura in the line suggests Donne needs to fall in after the words to try and calm himself down from all the overwh elming urges and desires he has for his mistress.As Donne was a child genius and was working in fair play by the time he was 17 he was popular with the ladies, and so when a woman such as the one hes addressing in the poem doesnt bear to his epicurean ways so easily, his emotions flair and overwhelm him into an almost plea for her to make love with him. Plath also uses linguistic features in portraying the overbearing love and excitement she has for her first child to be born. Youre is a poem written during her pregnancy of her first child Frieda. She uses the phrase Vague as fog and looked for like mail to represent the anticipation and urgency she has to meet her new child.However, this is a homophone and mail could also mean male as in the absence of her husband Ted Hughes who was rarely around. At the time she was having relationship issues with Ted and building a new everlasting love bond with her new child and so the conflict in positive and negative emotions at the time wo uld have certainly been overwhelming. The fog in this phrase represents the uncertainty and space between the mother and the gestating baby which whitethorn also be ironic of the disbelief she has that she can love a person so much without having met them yet.Finally both the metaphysical poets and Plath display love as joyous by seeing it as an opportunity for a new start. Donne sees this new start being one as starting from the pure naked state in the relationship to enter in these bonds is to be free is an oxymoron as the bond of marriage incarcerates two people in a relationship eternally. However Donne is expressing that by having this new start of marriage they will have a sense of freedom and self completion making love even more joyous.Whether Donne actually meant to marry the woman is questionable, after his strong womanising reputation however if he is then the new start he would have in actually committing himself in a marriage shows the strength of the love he feels. P lath, in Ariel sees the birth of her first child as a new start for herself. The metaphor of the last 2 lines Right, like a well-done sum. A clean slate, with your own face on shows the positivity she already sees in this new being well-done sum and clean slate.At the time she was going through hardships in her marriage with Ted Hughes and so the new child could be a source for a new start of optimistic love and a positive source to project happiness onto. The compound words in Thumbs-down on the dodos mode. Represents the new life and thus new beginning Plath will receive from the new baby whilst the assonance of the o sound fortifies this by showing certainty and stability she sees in that this undoubtedly will give her the release and new start that shes needed for so long

International Hrm And Comparative Hrm Management Essay

Inter field of study Hrm And Comparative Hrm Management EssayThe growth in external trade and orbiculateisation has encouraged firms to expand their operations worldwide, which has resulted in the emergence of new markets such as China, India, South East Asia and Latin America. This trend has excessively been accompanied by an increased level of contender amongst firms at both national and outside(a) level. The challenge of managing a workforce worldwide with different cross-cultural skills, competencies and demographic characteristics means that managers croupe no longer rely on traditional HRM models developed for Anglo-Saxon countries. Many firms underestimate the complexities involved in internationalist operations, and there is some evidence to suggest that business failures in the international atomic number 18na may often be linked to poor management of valet resources (Desatnick Bennett, 1978). Western academics and practiti onenessrs throw off thus moved from trad itional international HRM issues to the area of proportional HRM. In order to maximize cross-national management capabilities, there is need to record how employees in different national settings respond to similar concepts within their particular functions. This essay has been constructiond as follows. In the next section, I will dig into the exit between international and comparative HRM. I will then look at the way comparative HRM assist academics and practitioners appreciate the differences in the strategies and processes in MNCs. A conclusion is then presented.Difference between international and comparative HRMInternational HRM has been defined as HRM issues, functions, policies and formulas that result from the strategic activities of MNEs (Scullion, 1995). IHRM deals principally with issues and problems associated with the globalisation of capitalism. It involves the homogeneous elements as domestic HRM but is more complex to manage, in terms of the diversity of nat ional contexts and types of workers. The emphasis is on the MNCs ability to attract, develop and deploy adroit employees in a multinational setting and to get them to work effectively despite differences in horticulture, language and locations. International HRM tends to mitigate the impact of national culture and national employment practice against corporate culture and practices.Comparative HRM, on the new(prenominal) hand, is a corpseatic method of investigation that seeks to explain the manakins and variations encountered in cross-national HRM sort of than simply describe HRM institutions and practices in different societies. According to comparative HRM literature, different national business systems arise from differences in specific historical, cultural and institutional hereditary pattern in certain countries. Comparative differences occur due to decisive historical events such as the process of industrialisation or due to the legacy of pre-modern forms of kind val idation. Hofstedes (1980) adopted the culturalist perspective where he suggestd that national business styles emerge due to ingrained cultural attitudes and mental schemas. He described culture under 5 dimensions which are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Other researchers claim that HR management practices differ between nations due to the presence of specifically national institutions such as education, banking services or state/legal donjon.In what ways (if at all) does an understanding of comparative HRM assist academics and HR practitioners appreciate the difference in the strategies and processes in MNCs which are often termed as International HRM?The contrasted view to a divergence point mentioned above is that some academics claim that with HRM policies and practices are sightly universal (tending more towards the predominate American models) and that country-of-origin effects are no longer relevant. The pressu re to build standardised operations internationally is strongest in sectors where competition is highly internationalised and where firms compete on the basis of a similar product or service across countries such as in cars and fast foods. They nurse put forward several reasonablenesss to explain this trend. Firstly, all MNCs operate in one global market and therefore have to respond to the same environmental pressures such as globalisation and technology, the growth in international trade and the move towards an internationally-integrated financial system. Secondly, the widespread practice of benchmarking best practice in terms of cost, quality and productivity may also have contributed to convergence of international HRM models for e.g. lacquerese style lean-production system in the 1980s and 1990s. Moreover, these pressures towards convergence stem in part from the influence of MNCs themselves through their ability to transfer practices across borders and erode country-of-orig in effects. Finally, the formation and development of like-minded international cadres mostly from American or European business schools may have contributed to homogenised international HRM policies and practices.Since the early 1990s, the international HRM literature has been dominated by models and typologies aimed at identifying how international HR fits with organisational strategy. Bartlett and Ghoshal (1998) argue that the main issue for all multinational companies is the need to trade-off the advantages global efficiency namely the coordination of its operations to achieve economies of scale and scope as contrasted to the need to differentiate its products and services to meet the topical anaesthetic demands. They also identified a third pressure, namely worldwide innovation and learning, whereby firms are encouraged to support innovation and learning across their network of subsidiaries kinda than simply relying on research and development at the headquarters. MNEs then follow the appropriate HRM policies and practices according to the structure of the organisation, the competitive strategy chosen or stage of corporate evolution reached. Below, the Taylors (1996) model of strategic international HRM has been described.ExportiveThis is essentially a model where the HQ management takes station country management get and try to implement them in their foreign subsidiaries in order to achieve economies of scale. In this model, there is a system of hierarchy and a centralised control. This is especially useful in instances of uncertain political environment and high risks demanding greater control from corporate names. Given this pattern of centralisation, there is a considerable amount of forward policy transfer and less reverse transfer from subsidiaries to the HQ, i.e. they rely mainly on the technical know-how of the parent company. Global firms offer products or services that are standardised to enable production to be carried in a cost-efficien t way. Their subsidiaries are non keep down to rigid control except over the quality and the presentation of the product or service. This structure is normally associated with the American firms with their formalised, bureaucratic control and a dominant finance system to internalise risks.AdaptiveDifferences in the host environment demands and conditions mean that overseas subsidiaries have to operate independently. This is common where departing from established practices in host environments is unlawful. For example, in some Germany, there is a legal obligation to negotiate with employee representatives concerning major organisational changes. In otherwise cases, transferring practices may be legal but would go against traditional practices at the risk of losing goodwill from staff. Firms may decide to forgo HQ control if there is the possibility to exploit most efficiently the local labour markers. For example, MNCs which origin from high-cost highly regulated economies such as Germany may well choose not to transfer important elements of their HR systems such as collective bargaining or apprenticeship if they move to lower wage, lightly regulated economies such as China.IntegrativeIt is also argued that the more management processes and activities can be integrated across geographical boundaries, the easier it is to share resources and knowledge. They can identify and best use the skill and management talent that exists across the MNC network allowing for both global integration and local differentiation.As mentioned previously, international HRM processes consist of the same activities as domestic HRM but applied in an international context. These include an accurate pitying resource planning to ensure that the MNCs have the properly people at the right place around the world, good staffing policies that capitalise on the world-wide expertise of expatriates and locals, carrying into action appraisals that fit with the competitive strategies of the HQ, adequate training and development to ensure that expatriates do not suffer from culture shock and compensation policies that are strategically and culturally relevant. The focus in international HRM strategy is how MNEs coordinate their geographically dispersed operations strengthening the organisational culture, promoting commitment and encouraging willingness in employees to act in the interests of the firm. recruitment and selection of international managersEmployees play a crucial role in sustaining and coordinating their geographically dispersed operations. The challenge is that of resourcing international operations with people of the right calibre. Traditionally, MNEs sent expatriates, i.e. a parent country national abroad to ensure that the policies and procedures set by the parent -company were being followed as well as to down expertise to the local employees. However, the high number of expatriate failures has meant that more and more MNEs are turning to host country nationals to satisfy the international staffing needs. The prominent reason to explain international assignment failures was the inability of the expatriate or his family to cope with the culture shock. Researchers revealed that international business travellers faced problems in their personal lives and were victims of stress. Moreover, changes in legislative conditions affecting labour relations combined with security issues have made it more costly to use expatriates at senior management positions at secondary level. The advantages of employing local nationals are that they are familiar with local markets, the local communities, the cultural setting and the local economy. They speak the local language and are culturally assimilated. They can take a long-view and contribute for a long period (as distinct from expatriates who are likely to take a short-term perspective). Expatriates are only employ as technical troubleshooters and general management operatives. This means academ ics need to find the best ways to recruit and select local managers and help them cultivate a global perspective rather than a narrow outlook on how to conduct business in the local environment.International pay and reward and capital punishment managementThe concept fair pay and reward is also subject to different interpretations depending on the national business system. Triandis (1998) differentiated between vertical cultures which don hierarchy as given whereas horizontal cultures accept equality as given. In individualistic cultures, there are few rules and norms about correct deportment and employees expect to be rewarded on their own merits and performance. Countries like US feature at the higher end of the individualistic spectrum. On the other hand, collectivism emerges in societies that have many rules and regulations about correct behaviour. In these societies, employees accept rewards or recognition on the basis of their seniority, efficiency and conformity with the o rganisational values rather than on the basis of their creativity or professionalism (Pascale and Athos, 1981). China is an example of a collectivist society. In such societies, rewards for individual performance or differentiating between employees are not acceptable. Indeed, the prevailing view is that it takes the contribution from everyone to achieve continuous improvement (kaizen) in Japanese enterprise. Singling one employee may cause him to lose face and consequently a loss of goodwill for the expatriate manager.Moreover, an understanding of the body language is vital for senior expatriate managers when providing feedbacks. While in individualistic society, it is perfectly acceptable for a subordinate to participate in a discussion with his senior, in collectivist societies such as India, disagreeing with ones supervisor is considered disrespectful. Furthermore, countries like Korea and Taiwan prefer more pernicious ways of communicating feedbacks. Up-front reprimand or perfo rmance appraisal is likely to clash with the societys norms of harmony and the employees may view it as a personal affront. thought these local customs and mapping them across countries is an exciting field of study for researchers interested in global performance management systems. train and developmentTraining and development is vital to ensure that the workforce remains competent and flexible by developing the know-how thought necessary for success in the company and on the job. Scholars have highlighted the importance of national culture on training and development in terms of the hard and soft approach. The hard approach views employees in the organisation as a mere resource to achieve goals of the organisation while the soft approach views them more as valued assets capable of development (Tyson and Fell, 1986). This approach obviously influence the level amount of institutional (percentage GDP) spent on education. The German tradition adopts the soft approach and relies on formal apprenticeship, functional whirling and career path where technical expertise is gradually developed. UK which support the hard approach, believes that the individual is responsible for funding his own education and career advancement. This difference in national training and education systems will mean that the skill and competence profile of the workers available on the labour market will vary from one country to another.Comparative studies have also shown that there are national differences in the way that managerial careers and management development are organised. Both Japan and France rely on elite recruitment, that is, future managers are decided at the point of entry based on their exceptional qualifications. This contrasts with the American belief of self-reformation where the philosophy is its never too late to change.Also, there are also noticeable differences in the teaching and learning style across countries. The idea of running(a) in groups is more natural to Asian than individualist Anglo-Saxon managers. German and Swiss managers favour structured learning environments and coming to the right answers and are openhanded of confrontation. Asian countries, in contrast, are more concerned about status differences and may be unwilling to exchange ideas against their mentors. This will consequently impact on the format of delivering training for the practitioner, whereby the Asian employees might prefer lecture-type training and German and Swiss might prefer the seminar-type interpersonal interaction.Employment relationsFinally, the type of employee relations pursued by the MNE depends principally on the national business systems characteristics of the both the home and host countries. According to Hall and Soskice (2001), there are two varieties of capitalism Liberated market economies and coordinated market economies. In liberal market economies, firms coordinate their activities primarily via hierarchies and competitive market arrangemen ts. Market relations are characterised by arms length exchange of goods and services and formal contracting. The demand and supply of goods and services are regulated though market mechanisms. There are comparatively fewer state controls. Nations like US and UK fall under this category of market. Consequently, US MNEs adopt a short-termist shareholder value mentality which means they are less willing to offer secure employment to their workers. Therefore, management of labour in the US mirrors the economic model of demand and supply, with market determined wages, hire-and-fire practice and many workers employed on a temporary basis. Employers in US are also more resistant to trade union organisations than in other developed industrial democracies and the legal support for trade union organisations and collective bargaining are relatively weak in the US compared to those in other countries.In contrast, in coordinated market economies, firms depend more heavily on non-market relations hips to coordinate their activities with other economic actors. These non-market modes means there is greater creed on private information inside networks and a greater reliance on collaborative relationships. Coordinated market economies are also characterised by a higher degree of government intervention. Countries such as France, Italy and China are examples of such economies. To illustrate, countries like Germany and Japan have adopted the long-termist approach whereby the interests of stakeholders are considered rather than simply of shareholders. This means these MNEs can offer its employees long-term employment. German trade unions are considered as a powerful stakeholder in the labour market and have the right of collective bargaining, i.e. employers need to so consult their workers before any major changes are carried out.To conclude, the basic purpose of examining human resource from a comparative and international perspective is that it contributes to an understanding of the extent to which there are differences between organisations and their subsidiaries located in different countries. The main difference between comparative and international HRM is comparative HRM seeks to explain the differences arising between different business systems while IHRM downplays the importance of host and home country differences. The greater cultural distance between home country and host country, the harder it will be for the MNCs to transfer home country philosophies and practices. This impact on the way HR practitioners have to implement their policies but opens up new avenues for research for the academics.

Mango Essential Oil in the Food Industry

Mango Essential Oil in the Food IndustryBackground of studyMango is peerless of the tropical harvest-feasts that grow seasonally. It has unique fragrance and flavor and often labeled as super fruit (Mounica Subbiah, 2014). It is the most sowed fruit with over 2,000 varieties and natively launch in India. Great numbers of varieties are differing with respect to crop, pulp, colour of skin, flavor and aroma of the fruit. Therefore, it get under ones skin one of the most popular tropical fruit in south-east Asia (Fernando, Perz-Sariana Bianca, Sergio, Eapen, Sebastian, 2014). Mango also become the national fruit for India and national tree for Bangladesh (bdnews24.com, 2010). Mango is scientifically known as Mangifera with diverse species under family of sumac family (Softusvista, 2015). It has 69 species with Mangifera as one of the genus. Examples of Mangifera species are Mangifera indica which is the common mango, Mangifera foetida (bacang or machang) and Mangifera odorata (ku ini). The highest number of Mangifera species is cultivated in Asia where Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra hand over the highest number of species of Mangifera (Morton, 1987). There is hundreds of Mangifera cultivar and it is cultivated in warm and subtropical country such(prenominal) as India. The cultivation of Mangifera mustiness be propagated and it often crossed to improve pollination (Allen, 2006).Mangifera cultivar is Mangifera indica species that is jelled from variety of sources such as seed or bulb of plant and close totimes been called by other name. There are many Mangifera indica cultivar in Malaysia such as Mangifera indica cultivar Lemak Manis and Mangifera indica cultivar Mas Hitam. Mangifera species is tell by its aroma. It shows that for each one Mangifera species has different aroma where the aroma of Mangifera may give different major chemical constituent. The Mangifera species is hardly found around the year and it can be season fruit such as Mangifera foetid a mostly fruiting around March to April after drought season (Litz, 2009). There are many scientific researches on inwrought oil of mango and it gives different results depending on the varieties and species of mango. Previous reported that squirt Tai Mangifera indica cultivar Khieo Sawoei has distinctive odor which calculated by odor unit value (Uo). it shows that the odor is cause by high percentage of 2,4-decadienal in its uncase and hexanal in its pulp (Tamura, Boonbumrung, Yoshizawa, Varanyanond, 2001). Another report verified the presence of terpenes hydrocarbons in yellow-red colour of 20 cultivars Mangifera indica L. (Pino, Mesa, Munoz, Pilar-Marti, Marbot, 2005). The natural oil utilize can be essential oil which is essential oil that has fragrance and usually raiseed from plants for soothing and healing and cosmetic proposes (Press, 2015). Essential oil is usually used for aromatherapy where it helps physical eudaimonia and psychology of person. Aromatherapy is t he practice of using the natural oil that is extracted from plants flower, peel, pulp, bark leaves or roots. It is an alternative method acting for healing purpose and promotes health properties (Aromatherapy.com, 2010).Aromatherapy can be used by any method such as inhalation, massage or water immersion to stimulate response (Department of Health Human Services, 2015).It is said that some essential oil shows some anti-microbial activity, antiviral, antioxidants and anti-diabetic agents. It also demonstrate some potency against bacterial, fungal and viral infections (Edris, 2007).There are many types of extraction method to extract the essential oil from plants especially. It can be distillation method or expression method. The most common method is distillation method where it consist of many types of distillation which are water distillation, water and steam distillation and steam distillation. The extraction method used in his project is water distillation method or hydro-distil lation method (BetterHealth, 1999). Medical fields today have developed many kinds of drugs medicine to cure various types of diseases such as paracetamol to reduce febrility and acetylcysteine to loosen thick mucus (Drugs.com, 2015). Alternative medicine has become popular as diseases treatment.Example of alternative medicine is acupuncture, homeopathy and aromatherapy (Sampson, 1995). The gist in this project is to bone up aromatherapy as alternative medicine and for flavoring.1.2 Problem StatementMangifera indica species and its cultivars have different aroma and they may have different chemical constituent for each cultivar. However, only small number of different cultivar has been studied with respect to its chemical constituent. Previous reports on extraction of essential oil in Mangifera cultivar such as M.indica cultivar Chokanan, M.indica cultivar Falan and M.indica cultivar Water Lily was reported in Malaysia. Some authors stated that chemical constituents of essential o il from Mangifera may have terpenes hydrocarbon and alpha-caryophyllene but it might have different chemical constituent for ripe fruit with green peel and yellow pulp of Mangifera cultivar found in Malaysia. In past study, the Green Thai Khoei Sawoi has shown -terpinene and -ocimene as major chemical constituents for ripe fruit with green peel (Tamura et al., 2001). However the major compound is different when it is a ripe fruit with yellow peel. The peel essential oil from yellow Mangifera indica cultivar Zebdeya, Hindi and Cobaneya shows different major compound which are -3-carene, -terpinolene and caryophyllene (El-Hawary Rabeh, 2014). Therefore the present study focussing on comparison of chemical constituent of volatile oil between different Mangifera indica cultivar and other Mangifera species with green peel found in Malaysia which are M. indica cultivar Chokanan, M. indica cultivar Falan, M. indica cultivar King, M. indica cultivar Lemak Manis, M. indica cultivar Mas Hit am, and Mangifera odorata.1.3 Significance of StudyMangoes have a lot of aromatic components that can be extracted using hydro-distillation method. Besides contributing to the body of knowledge, the essential oil of mango in this project can contribute to flavor. This study is beneficial in food processed industry where fruit flavor has become important quality that influence consumer acceptance. Different variety of essential oil from Mangifera species can also be commercialized for its aromatherapy purposes. They have different major chemical constituent in it let alone from its peel or pulp.

The Space Race: Is Funding for NASA Still Relevant?

The Space Race Is Funding for NASA Still Relevant?AbstractSince its inception in 1958, the issue Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has spent a total $1.3 trillion dollars adjusted for inflation. This paper examines the debate between two opposing checks on financial backing for NASA. The debate is broken blast into two groups, pro-funding and anti-funding. The arguments between twain sides, while very similar, are black eye in their views. The pro-funding side is in the opinion that, unequivocal economic impact, inter subject field relations, and planning for the future call for increased funding. Those anti-funding argue that funding NASA impedes the economy, there is small(a) to no return on investment, and that the coupled States should be focused on the present, rather than the future. This paper examines both sides of the argument, weighs each of the opinions, and examines how the relationship of this issue is pertains to the field of prevalent Administratio n. The author states his view and gives his recommendations on the issue.Keywords NASA, common funding, public administration, national debtTen divisions after the start of the Cold War, the U.S.SR launched the first artificial commonwealth Satellite into space. In response to tensions with the former Soviet Union, the unify States discipline Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA, launched its first satellite into space, kick starting what is known as The Space Race. A few months later, NACA was dissolved and superseded into NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Since its founding in July of 1958, NASA has averaged roughly 0.9% (Rawden, 2017) of the annual United States Federal cipher. However, since the 1990s, that average has correspondn a signifi backsidet decrease. In February of 2016, 58 years since NASA was founded, sexual congress surpassed NASAs requested budget of $18.5 billion and approved $19.3 billion (AG, 2016) to fund NASA. With the Ho use and Senate both approving a Federal Budget of $3.9 trillion (congressional Budget Office, 2017), NASAs authentic budget only equates to 0.49% of the oerall budget. However, with Congress surpassing the NASAs requested budget, this marks the first time in five years they shake up seen a material budget increase. With budget forecasts by the Congressional Budget Office (2016) putting the nation at a debt of $20.1 trillion by 2018, this leaves public administrators to question whether this budget increase and NASA itself is worth the money.As Public Administrators, we can see that the debate over the funding of NASA is broken down into two opposing viewpoints. Those in estimate are compelled by several factors, such as, public admiration for NASA, strengthening international relations, and planning for the future. While those opposed argue that funding NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should focus on the present, rather than the future. No matter what side you are on, we can see that the debate over the funding of NASA is important to the field of Public Administration. This paper examines both sides of the debate over the funding NASA and how public administrators can use this debate as a case study for future problems.Viewpoint 1 Those in FavorA 2015 PEW Research survey shows that 68% of Americans had a estimateable view of NASA (Motel, 2015), with those of higher education having more favorability. The survey also cites a different PEW survey conducted in 2011 that found 58% of the public said it was inborn that the U.S. continue to be a world leader in space exploration. These studies confirm that the public has great admiration toward NASA, but there is a admit to justify the high price pronounce of space exploration. This justification can be argued with several factors Inventions and Technology, International Relations, and Future Planning.Inventions and TechnologyAfter a Korean a irliner accidentally strayed into Soviet airspace in 1983, and was subsequently shot down, then President Ronald Regan declassified the use of Global Positioning System (Brustein, 2014). This 20-year-old technology was authentic during joint experiments between the Navy and NASA using NASAs advancements in satellites and technology. GPS is today one of the most tolerantly used inventions that NASA functioned create. However, there are also a wide range of inventions and technology that funding of NASAs research and development helped to create. In NASAs magazine Spinoff (NASA, 2008), they credit themselves with several medical inventions, including artificial limbs improvements, thanks to innovations in robotics and shock-absorbing materials. When NASA driveed a stronger material for their landing parachutes, Goodyear developed a pertly fibrous material that is five times stronger than steel. Goodyear then used this technology in their tires to create the longer-lasting tires w e progress to today. NASA also created Solar Energy technology, which sparked the clean-energy movement. While it is awkward to quantify NASAs return on investment, the countless(prenominal) advances they befuddle made on inventions and technology pull in helped model our world and boost our economy.International RelationsWhile NASA is the highest spending space agency in the world, there are many other countries that work with the United States to continue space exploration. While the U.S. was the only country to land on the moon, future explorations require international cooperation. In 2006 NASA and China reached an agreement promising that both countries would strengthen exchanges, enhance mutual trust, develop a lasting friendship, and promote cooperation in relevant fields (Foley, 2014). This policy is necessary to continue the economic prosperity and relationship between the two countries. NASA also collaborates with 15 other countries to maintain and expand the Interna tional Space Station. This partnership strengthens relationships and encourages trade agreements. In turn, the trade agreements help boost our economy and strengthen NASAs case for a high return on investment.Future PlanningProponents of continuing to fund NASA usually break down Future Planning into two parts Population Growth and Earth Security. The population is undoubtedly growing exponentially. The UN estimates the world population will reach 9.7 billion community by 2050 (UN, 2015). This growth raises the question of earth sustainability. The world will eventually run out of resources and room to house and feed its people. Many people believe that the solution is in space exploration. With NASA currently planning expeditions to Mars, a planet with possible habitation aspects, there is a strong belief that humans can become an interplanetary species. This belief is only possible if we continue funding NASA, and being the leader in space exploration. Earth Security is other p art of NASAs responsibilities. NASA not only monitors the weather, but asteroid and nautical sea patterns. Defunding our space course of study could potentially be disastrous if NASA could no longer chance upon preventative steps to combat climate change.View Point 2 Those AgainstWhile there is no doubt there is a great hit the sack for NASA, defunding the space program would be beneficial for our economy. PEW Research conducted a study in 2014 finding that although a majority of people were in favor of space exploration, only 22% of people said that the U.S. spends too little on space exploration (Wormald, 2014).This leaves opponents questioning as to why the U.S. spends billions of dollars each year to fund NASA. Those arguing for defunding the space program have three main reasons NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should focus on the present, rather than the future.Impeding the EconomyWith a forecasted debt of $20. 1 trillion by 2018, many politicians are trying to find ways to reduce our spending. While only 0.5% of the national budget, $19.1 billion dollars is no small amount of money. Adjusted for inflation, NASA has accounted for $1.1 trillion in expenditures since its founding in 1958 (Rawden, 2017). Since the introduction of the new fleet of space shuttles in 1971, each launch carries a price tag of around $1.5 billion per flight. Companies such as SpaceX have been awarded contracts totaling $1.6 billion for 6 flights to the ISS. It is no wonder NASA has started to turn towards mystic companies to send supplies and expeditions into space, when private companies can accomplish the goals at a smaller price. In 2014, NASA announced that U.S. companies SpaceX and Boeing were awarded $6.4 billion for future space flights. All this money could have been allocated toward paying back debts and protecting the financial future of the United States.Return on InvestmentIn the opposing view, I state d that it would be hard to quantify NASAs Return on Investment. This lack of calculation gives cause to those opposed to funding the space program. While NASA is credited with countless inventions, but the price tag for inventing them is hard to justify. A 2011 PEW Research study shows that only 38% of people think the space program contributes to a lot to scientific advancements, and that 52% of people believe that human astronauts are non-essential to the program (Kennedy, 2015). These statistics can be viewed as a misallocation of NASA funding. If there has not been a significant invention since NASA produce its 2008 list of technologies that benefit our lives and its last crowning achievement, sending Pathfinder to mars, costing $265 million, NASA has not truly justified its recent return on investment.Prioritizing the PresentAs NASA continues to look to the future, opponents say we should focus on the present. With a large National Debt, the United States needs to prioritizing its current finances so it can continue to have a future. While the earth is made up of a finite amount of resources, it is unlikely that they will run out before we can put our economy. The sun is not estimated to begin to die for another 5 billion years (Scudder, 2015), and only 3% of the earth supports more than half of humanity (Nuwer, 2015). In other words, the world is not ending anytime in the foreseeable future, and we are not going to run out of room on earth. Instead of agony about the future, the U.S. needs to prioritize on the present. NASA needs to look at all their assets, and begin to look at what it can liquidize. The space shuttle program alone is valued at nearly $200 billion (Hsu, 2011). If the U.S. defunded NASA and worked toward privatizing the program and selling its assets, the U.S. could be beneficial toward reducing the U.S. debt. The Military and Department of Defense need to absorb most of NASA while privatizing and selling the rest. Afterwards, the U.S . needs to begin to cut the enormous Defense Budget, to make up most, if not all, of the deficit. If the United States focuses on prioritizing the present, by topics steps to reduce its expenditures, such as reducing or eliminating NASAs budget, we can begin to see a brighter, less constrictive future.Assessing the ArgumentsBoth sides of the debate have similar yet conflicting arguments. The pro-funding NASA side argues that NASA boosts the economy by, facilitating inventions and new technology, strengthening international relations, and planning for the future. While those against argue that funding NASA impedes the economy, there is little to no return on investment, and that the United States should focus on the present, rather than the future. Whether NASA helps to boost or impedes the economy is the biggest aspect of the debate. While the space agency can neer truly be recognized for their accomplishments, it is my belief that NASA has helped the economy in the past and is no longer the innovative and economically stimulating agency it once was. Public interest in NASA is starting to dwindle as much as their budget, and it is only time before private companies, such as SpaceX start to take over. There is also no doubt that NASA has strengthened our international relationships with other space-oriented nations. These relationships facilitate our trade agreements with one another, boosting our economy. If the U.S. were to defund NASA, it would make it hard to find a new avenue in which to continue those relationships. In the final argument, Future versus Present orientation, is the most heated side of the debate. At only 0.49% of the U.S. Budget, defunding NASA would hardly make a dent in the debt. However, the U.S. needs to start somewhere, as every little bit helps. If the U.S. were to privatize and sell NASAs assets, it would be able to make a pronounced difference on tackling the debt.Conclusion and RecommendationAs Public Administrators, we should be concerned at every aspect of our national budget. I believe we should every go all in and increase funding of NASA, or privatize and sell the assets. Both sides of the debate have compelling sides. If we were to increase the budget, we would continue international cooperation and trade agreements, possibly continue to see new inventions and technologies, and facilitate Americans love of space travel. However, forced to choose a side, I believe we should take the opposite path. The national debt is wildly out of control and if we do not take steps to fix our mistakes, the world could see a disastrous economic depression. By selling off some of NASAs assets to private companies and foreign countries, the U.S. would, in turn, can cash a sizable paycheck, and begin to pay off its debts. By privatizing NASA, the U.S. can also begin to turn the $19 billion funding toward the debt. If we do not begin to take action against our debt, the current and future generations may see a disastrous financial future.The United States cannot continue down the current financial path it is taking, and defunding of NASA is a crucial step on the road to recovery. If the U.S. takes the route toward defunding NASA, that road can be used as a vital case study for Public Administrators. We will be faced at a time to do what is popular versus what is economically feasible. In times of economic hardship, the right path is not always the easiest.ReferencesAG News Reviews in astronomy Geophysics. (2016). U.S. boosts budget for NASA.Astronomy Geophysics, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p1.7https//doiorg.spot.lib.auburn.edu/10.1093/astrogeo/atw014Brustein, Joshua. (2014, December 4) GPS as We Know It Happened Because of RonaldReagan. Bloomberg. Retrieved from https//www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/gps-as-we-know-it-happened-because-of-ronald-reaganCongressional Budget Office. 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