Garret Hobart - McKinleys Influential Vice President

Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844- November 21, 1899) served only two years, from 1897-1899 as President William McKinleys Vice President. However, in that time he proved himself to be quite influential in his role, advising McKinley to have Congress declare war on Spain and being the deciding vote to take the Philippines as a US territory at wars end. He became the sixth vice president to die while in office. During his time in office, however, he earned the moniker, Assistant President.   Early Years Garret Hobart was born to Sophia Vanderveer and Addison Willard Hobart on June 3, 1844 in Long Branch, New Jersey. His father had moved there to open a primary school. Hobart attended this school before going to boarding school and then graduating first from Rutgers University. He studied law under Socrates Tuttle and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He went on to marry Jennie Tuttle, his teachers daughter.   Rise as a State Politician Hobart quickly rose in the ranks of New Jersey politics. In fact, he became the first man to head both the New Jersey House of Representatives and the Senate. However, due to his extremely successful law career, Hobart had no desire to leave New Jersey to become involved in national politics in Washington, D.C. From 1880 to 1891, Hobart was the head of New Jerseys Republican Committee, advising the party on which candidates to put into office. He did, in fact, run for the US Senate a few times, but he never put his full effort into the campaign and did not succeed ​to the national scene.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Nomination as Vice President In 1896, the Republican National Party decided that Hobart who was relatively unknown outside the state should join William McKinleys ticket for the presidency. However, Hobart according to his own words was not overjoyed with this prospect as it would mean having to leave his lucrative and comfortable life in New Jersey. McKinley ran and won on the platforms of the Gold Standard and a protective tariff against perennial candidate William Jennings Bryan.   Influential Vice President Once Hobart won the vice presidency, he and his wife quickly moved to Washington, D.C., and leased a home on Lafayette Square which would earn the nickname, the Little Cream White House. They entertained at the home quite often, taking over the traditional duties of the White House. Hobart and McKinley became fast friends, and Hobart began visiting the White House to advise the president quite frequently. In addition, Jennie Hobart helped take care of McKinleys wife who was an invalid.   Hobart and the Spanish-American War When the USS Maine was sunk in Havana Harbor and trough the poison pen of yellow journalism, Spain was quickly laid to blame, Hobart found that the Senate over which he presided quickly turned to talk of war. President McKinley had tried to be cautious and moderate in his approach with Spain after the incident. However, when it became apparent to Hobart that the Senate was prepared to move against Spain without McKinleys involvement, he convinced the president to take the lead in the fight and ask Congress to declare war. He also presided over the Senate when it ratified the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War. One of the provisions of the treaty gave America control over the Philippines. There was a proposal in Congress that the territory be given its independence. However, when this ended in a tied vote, Hobart cast the deciding vote to keep the Philippines as a US territory.   Death Throughout 1899, Hobart suffered from fainting spells related to heart problems. He knew the end was coming and actually announced that he retired from public life in early November. On November 21, 1899, he passed away at home in Paterson, New Jersey. President McKinley attended Hobarts funeral, a man he considered a personal friend. New Jersey also went into a period of mourning to commemorate Hobarts life and contribution to the state.   Legacy Hobarts name is not widely recognized today. However, he was quite influential during his time as vice president and showed what power could be exerted from that position if the president chooses to rely on their advice.

Dear Parents Of Lowell High School - 1584 Words

Dear Parents of Lowell High School, â€Å"My parents don’t care about my education† is something you hear from a lot of students. If you ask them why they would say such a thing, they might say â€Å"My parents are too busy at work† or â€Å"My parents just don’t have the time†. Sometimes this is not actually the case; it is not that parents do not care about how their child does in school, it is just that they do not know how to show that they are concerned. Parents are unsure how to react to their children’s academic performance, or what to say when there is something wrong at school. Since parents are always clueless to their child’s school life, they should get more involved with and become more aware of their child’s education. One problem that students face is that their parents only praise or reward their children when they get high grades. One example of this is evident in Doing School by Denise Clark Pope. Kevin Romoni, a student at Faircrest High, always aims to get high marks. He says, â€Å"My goal is a 3.7 or higher†¦ My dad will give me fifty bucks if I get it-even though 50 bucks isn’t really that much†¦ Do I have any other goals?† (Pope 11). To Kevin, the fifty dollars is one of his only goals in order to do well in school. However, this behavior seen by Kevin’s dad is actually affecting his development. According to Jim Taylor Ph. D. on Psych Today, children who were often praised or rewarded â€Å"more cautious in their responses to questions, had less confidence in theirShow MoreRelatedEssay Edgar Allan Poe3220 Words   |  13 Pagesjoyless existence carved out by his writings is one of lost love, mental anguish, and the premature withering of his subjec ts. Poe wrote in a style that characterized the sufferings he endured throughout in his pitiful life. From the death of his parents while he was still a child, to the repeated frailty of his love life, to the neuroses of his later years, his life was a ceaseless continuum of one mind-warping tragedy after another. From the very dawning of his existence, Edgar Allan Poe livedRead MoreFactors Affecting the Learners’ Achievement in the Alternative Learning System (Als) Programs15448 Words   |  62 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING THE LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) PROGRAMS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School St. Peter’s College Iligan City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management by AVEMAR TODIO GONZAGA March 2010 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) PROGRAMS† prepared and submittedRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesthe oppressed brown people of the world and hated his father for mistreating his Mexican employees. Witnessing his fathers tyranny made Langston sick enough to require hospitalization. By the end of the summer, Langston was glad to return to school in the United States. On the journey to his mothers house in Cleveland, Ohio, he recognized he was back in his native land when a white man in the trains diner car refused to eat at the same table with him, and a fountain clerk in St. Louis refusedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescan I invigorate those who feel outdated and left behind?† â€Å"How do I help the ‘survivors’ of a downsizing pick up the pieces and move on?† â€Å"How do I help people with very different agendas and philosophies work together, especially during periods of high stress and uncertainty?† Anyone tempted to dismissively argue that the answers to these questions are â€Å"common sense† would do well to recall Will Rogers’ pithy observation: â€Å"Common sense ain t common.† In addition, the research reported in the Introduction

Running Head Multinational Corporation Free Essays

General motors is a multinational corporation that was begun in 1908 by William Durant.   It has ever since extended its services to several foreign countries including Mexico. It is the world’s largest known company for manufacturing of automobile (Cray Chrome 1980). We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: Multinational Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its outstanding business activities in Mexico are among others, provision of high quality Products in order to remain competitive in the global economy.   The leaders in General Motors have also invented business plans that enable them to reduce the costs of the   Intensive engineering, prototyping as well as tooling activities they operates in Mexico (http://www.gm.com)   The General motors management team has established a net working program for hiring new employees so as to facilitate manufacturing and marketing of heir automobiles.   The corporation has also expanded an initiative known as jumpstart in Mexico whose main goals are to indoctrinate those who have been newly hired into the corporations’ culture and to give them a chance of meeting employees in other parts of the corporation so as to get exposed to the corporations’ business leaders (Cray Chrome, 1980).   This ensures smooth running of the business activities since high employee relation is established and maintained. General motors operations on the host country, Mexico, has some comparative advantages. Compared to the US, labor costs in Mexico are much lower and therefore General Motors Corporation stands a good chance in Mexico as opposed to US since it cheaply obtain its parts production. At the same time General Motors Corporation in Mexico does not encounter stiff competition for skills and technology from many automobile companies than it could encounter in the US (Maurice, 1995). This is well explained by the fact that US is believed to gain those jobs that require high skills and technology as it trades with Mexico.   This indicates that most of the scientists and engineers who have the required skills and technology secure jobs in the General motors corporation (Lance Ian 1998). Since it is a well paying and established compensations compared to any other automobile corporation in the country. The environmental issues that prevailed during the on set of the General Motors Corporation in Mexico such as rising costs of health care as well as pension costs really affected rapid growth of the company. General motors however, have worked on these issues through working extensively with the Workers Union on ways for trimming down the health   care costs for the workers their families as well as the retirees (http:delphi.com/about/social/) Although General Motors Corporation in Mexico was well established, it also faced stiff and competitive pressure form the other automobile companies.   This could lead to lower sales than expected by the management and overall economic strain to the company. However, General Motors Company have embarked on innovation ever since and it has expanded computer as well as electronic content on their vehicles (Lorean John, 1980).   It has also extended its recruitment to cover most technologically advanced countries like China, Europe and India hence acquiring high skilled scientists and engineers. There is also the issue of globalization that entirely has benefited the General Motors Corporation.   It has been much easier for the company to get access to the technology that is being developed around the world (Jagdish, 2004). In Defense of Globalization.Oxford University Press.   The different scientists and engineers recruited by the General Motors from diverse cultures influence the culture of the host country, Mexico. The stiff competition brought in by globalization has also made it difficult for the Mexico-based automobile companies to compete in the market especially the small companies (Frederick, 1947) Resolving these issues has serious financial commitment and long-term expenses especially when the high skilled scientists and engineers demand for better salaries. The Acme motors should put in place strong criteria upon which its workers are hired or employed so as to improve and maintain supply of high quality automobiles to its clients. The workers should be able to conduct thorough research and be technologically innovative so as to enable Acme motors compete sufficiently in the global market. References. Cray, E. Chrome C. (1980). General Motors and Its Time. New York: McGraw-Hill. Cray, E. Chrome C. (1980).A History of General Motors. New York: Smithmark   De Lorean John Z. (1980).On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. David M. (2003).What the Market Does to People: Privatization, Globalization, and Poverty.   Clarity Press. Frederick H. (1947). Patterns of Union-Management Relations: United Automobile Workers (CIO), General Motors.Science Research Associates. Jagdish B. (2004). In Defense of Globalization.Oxford. University Press. Maurice E. (1995).Electronic Technology, Corporate Strategy, and World Transformation.Quorum Books. Lance D. Ian M. (1998).Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology.  Ã‚   Routledge. Retrieved on 24th 2008, from http://www.gm.com Retrieved on 24th January 2008 Retrieved on 24th January 2008, from http://delphi.com/about/social/ How to cite Running Head: Multinational Corporation, Essay examples

Innovation Management Toshiba - Sony and Dyesol

Question: How the organizations are managing innovations in this competitive world to satisfy their potential customers and also sustain them? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this research is to understand how the organizations are managing innovations in this competitive world to satisfy their potential customers and also sustain them. This research would focus on the significance of dominant design and how the Sony has succeeded in its dominant design. It would also determine the factors that have been helping Sony to succeed in this competitive world through their dominant design for movie producers, retailers and customers (Cherkasky, 2004). Like other organizations, Sony also faced a competitive dynamic in the market of DVD players or the disk market. Sony was quite aware of the emergence of video standards thus to support the rising demand it started focusing on the key production film studios and also video retailers. The success of Sony was totally dependent on the ecosystem partners. Sony clearly understood the fact that Blu-Ray discs and HD DVDs are not compatible to each other and in this helped Sony to meet the demand for high d efinition video content (globalens.com, 2009). Further, Sony mainly focused on the advantages of Blu-Ray and started giving this innovation in its PlayStation 3 system and sold PS3 at the cost of $200 per unit to capture the market. This shows that factors, distinct features for capturing the niche market, developing their own installed bases, environmental factors that govern the ability of Sony for capturing the market also helped to innovate such strategies and also persistence support for enhancing the dominant design chances has supported Sony to develop dominant design (Vries, Ruijter and Argam, 2009). Analysis Of Case Study Bluà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ray Versus Hdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Dvd A dominant design is not necessarily a technological factor or particularly meets the needs of the customers. The dominant design process is thus observed as a black box process that includes the interaction of both the technological and non-technological factors. According to Sahal (1985), Abernathy (1978) and Utterback and Abernathy (1975), the dominant design can be defined as a single architecture that would help to acquire the dominance in the product market while Christensen broadly defines dominant design as the concept of defining the product components and also interaction between each products. Between the years, 2003 to 2008, both Sony and Toshiba had faced war against high stakes for having control over the video format for the next generation (Argyres, Bigelow and Nickerson, 2011). The technology of Sony called the Blue-Ray had been supported by the Hitachi, Matsushita and Philips while the technology of Toshiba named HD-DVD had been supported by DVD forum making it as o fficial successor. Movie producers, retailers and consumers all grumbled at the war taking place between Blu-Ray and HD-DVD. Thus, it is very important to analyze the factors that influence the consumers, retailers and movie-producers with regards to HD-DVD and Blu-Rays. All the three parties in this case have different motives to choose either HD-DVD or Blu-Rays (Kiss, 2008). According to the dominant design of Abernathy-Utterback Model, the dominant design development passes through three different phases, first is the fluid phase, transition phase and specific phases. In fluid phase an organization can use two different strategies one is the stabling new product by outmaneuvering the competitors in the market as dominant design or directly taking control over the assets that are complementary and making it as a dominant design. Then, the transition phase that organizations can utilize various strategies that help to consolidate positioning of the product and also start increasing the process innovation and also production capacity. Lastly, the specific phase is the phase, where the organization is quite clear with the market segments to be targeted for dominant design. Here they focus on manufacturing by using high skilled laborers and also specialized equipment (AKIIKE, 2013). However, in order to carry out the process effectively right from technological impact on the processes and products of the market to the strategic decision of the organization, there are various factors like stakeholder factors (regulator, previous and current installed base), mechanism (increasing return through information, network externalities), design features (flexibility, technological superiority and compatibility) that has to be taken care while implementing the dominant design (Van de Kaa et al. 2007). Further, according to the model of Klepper, the same different pattern of density, exit and entry should be determined by the organization to get high returns to scale. As p er this model, the early entrants receive high insuperable cost advantages compared to later entrants in the industry due to the process of cost-reduction and high returns on investment in the industry. Therefore, as the organization grows, the cost gap between the later entrants and the early entrants will also grow larger, making the later entrants to exit. Therefore, based on the above theory, the factors influencing the consumers, retailers and the movie producers are discussed below: Consumers In order to support either the HD-DVD or the Blu-Ray depends on the technical differences, installed base size, complementary goods, brand loyalty and also movie preferences. The customers segment can be divided in two types one is the early adopter and another is the majority. The early adopters are those groups who show interest towards the technology and focus on doing research to know about the products. The consumers also focus on the complementary goods which mean the number of movies that one of the standards releases (Gallagher, 2007). Consumers who are movie lovers would prefer the standard that would release the highest number of movies. Those who are loyal towards Sony would buy Blu-Ray and those who are loyal towards Toshiba who prefer the brand Toshiba. However, the majority group might base their decision by focusing on the size of the installed base and also the complementary goods. When Sony reached these formats, this became the dominant design for Sony. T o promote this formats, Sony incorporated the Blu-Ray device in their Playstation 3. In 2006, Sony sold around 10.5million Blu-Ray machines; however, Toshiba sold only 1million HD DVD machines. Further, consumers also focus on brand (KAGEYAMA, 2008). Retailers- When Toshiba also started offering HD-DVD as an optional drive for Xbox 360 of Microsoft; Time Warner announced that the standards of Blu Rays will now be defecting. However, the retailers like Netfix, Walmart and Best Buy announced that they would exclusively keep the stock of Bly-Rays DVDs which became devastating for Toshiba. The factors that might have influenced their decision could be to avoid the again a new technological war, that they faced with Betamax and JVCs VHS video standards (Gardner, Beckstoffer and Apostolatos, 2012). Further, from the previous war they got stuck with some unwanted inventory. Thus, this time, they wanted to avoid the inventory issue, so they wanted to pick up a winner in the market. They feared the costly and lengthy battle, so they wanted to come up with the players that would be well-suited with both the standards. Movie Producers- Through, Blu-Ray standards, Sony persuaded the big film studios. 20th Century Fox and Walt-Disney joined Sony Pictures for supporting Blu-Ray. Further, Blockbuster also decided to go with Blu-Ray. The reason behind such decisions can be that they wanted to follow with the decisions taken by the retailers and the consumers as they wanted the retailers to sell the Blu-Ray DVDs and also wanted the consumers to accept the movies (News.bbc.co.uk, 2008). Further, the unique features of Sony Blu-Rays compared to Toshiba HD-DVD have some great benefits for the film producers. Sony offered 50GB storage capacity in double layer while Toshiba offered only 30GB max. Further, the maximum Bitrate for raw data provided by Sony was 53.95Mbit/s while Toshiba provided 36.55Mbit/s. Similarly, maximum Bitrate for both Audio and Video was 48Mbit/s and 30.24 Mbit/s provided by Sony and Toshiba respectively. The timing for SD Video Playback with MPEG2 at 5Mbits/s was 22.2hours for Sony Blu -Ray and 13.3hours for Toshiba HD-DVD (Diffen.com, n.d.). Thus, in all way Sony had provided better features to the film studios. Analysis Of Case Study Dyesol Dyesol had invented an innovative product which was a thin-film, low cost solar cell that could help to produce electricity from sunlight. Their main idea was to generate electricity similar the way plants do through photosynthesis, then that could be made into sturdy panel which can be included in building materials. However, they lacked in financial capital for inventing such an innovative product. So, they decided to enter into collaboration with multi-agencies like Tata Steel and Pilkington. Tata Steel was the 5th largest maker of steel with 26million USD revenue in the year 2011. It was the subsidiary of TATA Group. The reason behind the partnership with Tata Group was that it would help Dyesol to have access to the capital and also its manufacturing expertise. Through this partnership, Dyesol thought that it would also help them to raise DSC technology awareness and also give the opportunity of promoting their technology across various different international markets. Similarly, they also decided to form collaboration with Pilkington, which was a multinational manufacturer of glass having, 373 million USD revenue in the year 2011. It mainly manufactured high quality flat glass made up of floating molten glass over molten tin. This partnership helped Dyesol to use the DSC coating on the architectural glasses for developing products made up of sheet glasses. Then, they can market this product to the customers who are interested in consuming the solar energy. In this way, Dyesol decided to carry out various positive connotations that would help their customers to embrace interests, purposes, aspirations and investments. If conceptually demonstrated, there are three different forms of partnerships one is implementing partnership that mainly focused on the beneficial and pragmatic projects, next is the coordinating partnership that mainly emphasized on implementing better policy and management based on priorities that was already agreed and lastly facilitating partnership that helps to manage strategic issues related to policies and also long-standing issues. Through, this concept, it is clear that Dyesol emphasized on implementing partnership with Tata Steel and Pilkington (Hunter and Perkins, 2014). However, collaboration with external partners points to various advantages and disadvantages. Advantages: This partnership based approach of Dyesol with Tata Steel and Pilkington would help the organization to deal with the labor and the social market exclusion in various ways like (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2014): Responsive and Flexible policy solutions As Dyesol, has planned to innovate a new device, there is need of new employees with the knowledge of latest technology or service providers who can solve the problems. This process incurs cost. However, Dyesol does not have enough capital to even launch that product. Thus, partnership with TataSteel and Pilkington would help to tackle such situation as they are already best manufacturing organizations with large number of expertise who can solve their issues. Facilitating evaluation and innovation Partnership with Tata Steel and Pilkington increases the scope of Dyesol to test innovative and new approaches that would help them to overcome the difficult situation. This partnership approach produces a greater dynamism by sharing risks, practice, expertise and ideas. This allows Dyesol to test the approaches of both partners and also withdraw in difficult situations. This approach actually encourages promoting new innovations and experimentation. Sharing resources, knowledge and expertise This partnership approach helps Dyesol in defining and sharing the expertise, knowledge and skills that would increase the efficiency, quality and appropriateness. By engaging with the external partners like Tata Steel and Pilkington can help the organization to increase quality, diversity and reach through their expertise. Development of Coherent Service Working with external partners will make sure that the policy initiatives are aligned with the objectives of the organization. The integration of proper policies along with the external partners helps to ensure that demand side and supply side of the labor market and also try to compliment with each other. Capacity Building Partnering with the external partners, can help Dyesol to develop good community capacity and also engender the sense of ownership of community. This process offers new opportunities and also helps to meet the concerns. Further, this process also helps to have access to stable and long-term funding. Disadvantages (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2013): Conflict over objectives and goals If the external partners are not clear about the idea behind the innovation of Dyesol, then it might cause failure in partnership due to inability to coordinate and also misunderstanding of the objectives. At the operational level, it is quite difficult to gain commitment and also engage the external partners due to some localized problems, inflexibilities and organizational barriers. For instance, in understanding the goals of Dyesol, there is need of both time and effort that both the organizations might not be able to provide due to their own objectives and goals. Impact upon other services Partnership approach can be observed as an alternative for re-aligning the key services that would help to deal with specific issues. Due to integration and scale of mainstream services, there is a high impact on the long-term services. Partnership can draw resources from typical services or confuse users mind for reducing the effectiveness of the organization. For instance, the chemical group of Tata learns to reserve the engineers of Dyesol which can later on become a strong competitor. Conclusion In conclusion, this report focuses on how the organization Toshiba, Sony and Dyesol manages innovations, what are the challenges they face while implementing the innovations through two different case studies. In the war between the two formats, Blu-Ray and HD-DVD, Sony was ultimately the winner. The Blu-Ray format had various advanatgaes over HD DVD due to its superior technological features. Thus, the key industry players like Dell Computer, 20th Century Fox, Disney etc. Sony was quite aware of the issue that happened in the war between Betamax and VHS, thus, they did not wanted to repeat the same history, so Sony evaluated the preferences of its stakeholders and had incorporated the preferences in Blu-Ray formats. The unique features provided by Blu-Ray had helped Sony to capture the market. There are various factors that influence the decision of consumers, retailers and movie producers. The factors that influence the decision of consumers are the technical differences, installed base size, complementary goods, brand loyalty and also movie preferences, for retailers, avoidance of inventory issues and also to avoid the standard wars and lastly, the factors influencing the movie producer s are unique features and also decisions taken by the consumers and retailers. Similarly, from the case of Dyesol it is quite clear that partnership approach would help the Dyesol to meet the objective clearly. However, to reduce the affect of the disadvantages of this approach it is to be noted that the collaboration with the external partners should be in proper place. This would help to meet the objectives of the Dyesol through collaborative relationship. Through selective alternative choices with the partners, Dyesol need to establish a proper monitoring system that would help them to monitor the actions of their partners and also make an evaluation system which would give the opportunity to manage and evaluate the changes and progress. Further, the external partners also need to make sure that they have new competencies and technological advances that would help Dyesol to meet the objective of innovating thin-film, low cost solar cell and also make a good strategic fit and also resource fit. References AKIIKE, A. (2013). Where is Abernathy and Utterback Model?. Annals of Business Administrative Science, 12(5), pp.225-236. Argyres, N., Bigelow, L. and Nickerson, J. (2011). Dominant Design, Conpositio Desiderata, and The Followers Dilemma. [online] insead.edu. Available at: https://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/areas/entrepreneurship/documents/ArgyresPaper.pdf [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Cherkasky, T. (2004). Design Style: Changing Dominant Design Practice. Design Issues, 20(3), pp.25-39. de Vries, H., de Ruijter, J. and Argam, N. (2011). Dominant design or multiple designs: the flash memory card case. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 23(3), pp.249-262. Diffen.com, (n.d.). Blu-Ray vs HD DVD - Difference and Comparison | Diffen. [online] Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Blu-ray_vs_HD_DVD [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Gallagher, S. (2007). The Complementary Role of Dominant Designs and Industry Standards. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54(2), pp.371-379. Gardner, J., Beckstoffer, J. and Apostolatos, A. (2012). Blu-ray vs. HD DVD The Battle for the High Definition Living Room. [online] faculty.tuck.dartmouth.edu. Available at: https://faculty.tuck.dartmouth.edu/images/uploads/faculty/ron-adner/EIS_Ecosystem_Paper_Apostolatos_Gardner_Beckstoffer.pdf [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. globalens.com, (2009). Blu-ray versus HD DVD. [online] Available at: https://globalens.com/DocFiles/PDF/cases/Preview/GL1428594P.pdf [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Hunter, D. and Perkins, N. (2014). Partnership working in public health. Bristol: Policy Press. KAGEYAMA, Y. (2008). Sony's Blu-ray poised to win DVD standard battle. [online] thestar.com. Available at: https://www.thestar.com/business/2008/02/18/sonys_bluray_poised_to_win_dvd_standard_battle.html [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Kiss, J. (2008). Sony's Blu-Ray wins HD DVD battle. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/feb/19/digitalmedia.sony [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. News.bbc.co.uk, (2008). BBC NEWS | Business | How the PS3 led Blu-ray's triumph. [online] Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7252506.stm [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2013). Foundations of business. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2014). Business. 11th ed. OH: Cengage Learning. Van de Kaa, Geerten, Henk J. de Vries, Eric van Heck, and Jan van den Ende. The emergence of standards: a Metaanalysis. In: Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on system sciences. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.